Adjectives and Adverbs 3 Grammar and Vocabulary Ⅰ June 17, 2011

Small conversation What time do you usually get up on weekends? Which do you like better, Saturday or Sunday? And why? How do you usually spend your weekends? Do you have any plans for this weekend? What is your ideal weekend?

Adjectives and Adverbs Adjective A kind of word which names a quality In a sentence “This is a heavy box”, “heavy” is an adjective Adverb A word used with verb, adjective, or another adverb telling how, when, and where Jane carefully ( → how) washed her skirt yesterday ( → when) and hung it here ( → where)

Exercise 2 (pp.23-24) (1) You speak German (fluent / fluently). ⇒ fluently （流暢に） (2) Don’t drive your car too (fast / fastly). ⇒ fast （速く） (3) This is a (Korea / Korean) doll. ⇒ Korean （韓国の、朝鮮の）

(4) (Frank / Frankly) speaking, you are wrong. ⇒ Frankly （率直に、正直に） (5) My wife came home (late / lately) last night. ⇒ late （遅く、遅めに） (6) You must study (hard / hardly) to pass the exam. ⇒ hard （熱心に、一生懸命に）

(7) There are (much / many) books in the library. ⇒ many （多数の、多くの） (8) Joe has only (a few / a little) friends. ⇒ a few （少数の、少しの）

Exercise 4 (pp.24-25) (1) You must not be late for school. (2) The number of traffic accidents is decreasing lately. late ⇒ 遅れた、遅刻した、 lately ⇒ 最近、近頃

(3) It was hard work. (4) It is hardly believable that he won the lottery. hard ⇒ 難しい、骨の折れる、めんど うな hardly ⇒ ほとんど～ない、とうてい ～ない

(5) My house is near to the train station. (6) Nearly three thousand people came to the concert. near ⇒ ～の近くに nearly ⇒ ほぼ、ほとんど

Conversation Practice He Drives Very Carelessly Pay attention to adjectives and adverbs

A: I think he’s a careless driver. B: I agree. He drives VERY carelessly. 2. A: I think he’s a slow chess player. B: I agree. He plays chess VERY slowly.

Unit 98 Adjectives and Adverbs

Order of adjectives of quality Several variations are possible but a fairly usual order is: adjectives of size general description age, (little) shape color material origin purpose

Unit 97 Adjectives: a nice new house Sometimes we use two or more adjectives together: My brother lives in a nice new house. There was a beautiful large round wooden table in the kitchen. Adjectives like new/large/round/wooden are fact adjectives Adjectives like nice/beautiful are opinion adjectives

Unit 97 Adjectives: a nice new house Opinion adjectives usually go before fact adjectives We put fact adjectives in this order: How big? How old? What color? Where from? What is it made of? Noun

Unit 97 Adjectives: a nice new house 97.1

Participles used as adjectives Present participles (ing) and past participles (ed) can be used as adjectives. Present participle adjectives, amusing, boring, tiring etc., are active and mean ‘having this effect’. Past participle adjectives, amused, horrified, tired etc., are passive and mean ‘affected in this way’.

Unit 96 Adjectives ending in –ing and -ed There are many adjectives ending in –ing and –ed, for example: boring and bored. Somebody is bored if something (or somebody else) is boring. Or, if something is boring, it makes you bored. So, Jane is bored because her job is boring. Jane’s job is bored, so Jane is bored. (not Jane is boring.) If a person is boring, this means that they make other people bored: George always talks about the same thing. He’s really boring.

Unit 96 Adjectives ending in –ing and -ed My job is boring. interesting. tiring. satisfying. depressing. I’m bored with my job. I’m not interested in my job any more. I get very tired doing my job. I’m not satisfied with my job. My job makes me depressed.

Julia thinks politics is interesting. It was surprising that he passed the exam. The movie was disappointing. The news was shocking. Julia is interested in politics. Everybody was surprised that he passed the exam. We were disappointed with the movie. I was shocked when I heard the news.

Unit 96 Adjectives ending in –ing and -ed

Albert Einstein Learn from yesterday, live for today, hope for tomorrow. The important thing is not to stop questioning.

Have a good weekend!