Do not copy any notes in light green lettering!

Macroscopic – what you can see with the naked eye Microscopic – what you would see if you could see individual atoms (for chemistry class only)

Physical States of Matter VC – Solid, Liquid, Gas

Solids Definite shape & volume High density Incompressible Definite melting point Particles vibrate in a fixed position Particles in an orderly arrangement VC – Properties of Solids

Liquids Definite volume, variable shape Relatively high density Relatively incompressible Ability to evaporate & boil Forms solids by freezing Particles are close together, but slide past each other VC - Properties of Liquids

Gases Variable shape and volume Low densities Highly compressible Diffuse and effuse easily Particles are relatively far apart Particles move rapidly and randomly VC – Property of Gases

Chemical Any substance that has a definite composition VC - Chemical

Chemical Reaction When one or more substances are changed into different substances. Reactants – substances you start with Products – new substances formed in a reaction

Signs of a Chemical Reaction Release of gas (bubbles and/or odor) Solid forms (precipitate) Light or heat released Color change

Physical Property Characteristic of a substance that does not involve chemical change (can be seen, measured, or calculated) Ex: color, density, shape… VC – Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Chemical Property Property that describes how a substance reacts to other chemicals (only observable when two or more chemicals react together) Ex: rusting… VC – Comparing Physical and Chemical Properties

Pick an object in the classroom, describe as many physical and chemical properties of that object as you can. Write them down on paper with your names. Pair Work

Matter Anything that has mass and volume VC – Matter

Pure Substances contains only one type of atom or molecule

Atom – smallest unit of an element Element – a substance made of only one kind of atom

Allotrope – different forms of the same element in the same physical state

Molecule – group of atoms stuck together; smallest unit of a compound; can be an element Compound – substance made of 2 or more atoms of different elements stuck together; represented by formulas VC – Compounds Aspirin

Which one is an element, which one is a compound and how do you know?

Mixtures a blend of 2 or more pure substances; can be separated by physical means

Heterogeneous mixture – 2 or more substances in a mixture that are not uniformly distributed sand and water

Homogeneous – 2 or more substances in a mixture that are uniformly distributed sugar and water

Determine whether each of the following substances is a mixture or pure substance. If it is a mixture, classify it as homogeneous or heterogeneous. If it is a pure substance classify it as a element or compound Write down your answers with your names. DiamondLucky Charms Cereal14 K Gold Ring O 2 pancake syrupNaCl milk H 2 O Carbonated Pepsi Cobalt gravelCO 2