11.5 The brain and our senses 1 The brain and our senses 11. 5

11.5 The brain and our senses 2 The role of our brain The brain is the control centre of body activities. Let’s see an example.

11.5 The brain and our senses 3 The role of our brain 1Stimulus The phone rings.

11.5 The brain and our senses 4 The role of our brain 2Sense organ The ears detect the sound and send messages to the brain.

11.5 The brain and our senses 5 The role of our brain 3Brain The brain interprets the messages, produces the sense of hearing and decides what to do. The phone is ringing.

11.5 The brain and our senses 6 The role of our brain 4Muscles The brain sends messages to the muscles.

11.5 The brain and our senses 7 The role of our brain 5Response The muscles bring about a response: getting up and picking up the phone. Hello?

11.5 The brain and our senses The role of the brain in playing volleyball Mandy

11.5 The brain and our senses Rearrange the events to describe the detection of the coming volleyball and Mandy’s response.

11.5 The brain and our senses AMandy’s eyes detect the light from the volleyball. Light-sensitive cells in the eyes send messages to the brain. BMandy’s muscles contract/relax to enable her to jump up and pass the volleyball over the net. CThe brain sends messages to the limb muscles. DMandy’s brain interprets the messages. She is thinking, ‘The ball is being passed to me. Shall I set the ball to the hitter? No, I shall pass the ball directly to the other team to try to trick them.’ 1234

11.5 The brain and our senses The order of the events: _____  _____  _____  _____ ADBC

11.5 The brain and our senses 12 The role of our brain stimulus sense organ detected by

11.5 The brain and our senses 13 The role of our brain sense organ brain sends messages to

11.5 The brain and our senses 14 The role of our brain brain muscles interprets the messages and in turn sends messages to

11.5 The brain and our senses 15 The role of our brain muscles response bring about

11.5 The brain and our senses 16 The main parts of the brain protected by the skull brain

11.5 The brain and our senses 17 Examining the human brain model human brain model 3D model

11.5 The brain and our senses a b c cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum

11.5 The brain and our senses 19 Cerebrum ( 大腦 )   the biggest part of the brain Animation   responsible for intelligence

11.5 The brain and our senses 20 interprets messages from sense organs sends messages to muscles Cerebrum ( 大腦 )

11.5 The brain and our senses 21   the site of: thinking memory learning communicatio n Cerebrum ( 大腦 )

11.5 The brain and our senses 22   one-eighth of the size of the cerebrum Cerebellum ( 小腦 )

11.5 The brain and our senses 23 Cerebellum ( 小腦 )   responsible for muscular coordination

11.5 The brain and our senses 24 Cerebellum ( 小腦 )   maintains balance and controls movement

11.5 The brain and our senses 25   the smallest part Medulla oblongata ( 延腦 )

11.5 The brain and our senses 26 Medulla oblongata ( 延腦 )   controls involuntary actions, e.g. heartbeat, breathing

11.5 The brain and our senses 27 The three main parts of the brain are the cerebrum, the cerebellum and the medulla oblongata. The main parts of the brain

11.5 The brain and our senses 28 Reaction time Simulation some react faster than others Beep! Why?

11.5 The brain and our senses 29 Reaction time detect a stimulus make a response reaction time ( 反應時間 ) varies from person to person Beep!

11.5 The brain and our senses 30 Measuring your reaction time your partner’s hand your hand Experiment video

11.5 The brain and our senses Catch the ruler as quickly as possible.

11.5 The brain and our senses Record the distance dropped. 1st try2nd try3rd try Yourself Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm) Reaction time (s)

11.5 The brain and our senses Reaction time (s) Distance of fall (cm) 3Find out your reaction time from the graph.

11.5 The brain and our senses st try2nd try3rd try Yourself Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm) Reaction time (s)

11.5 The brain and our senses Repeat steps 1 to 3 twice.

11.5 The brain and our senses Exchange your role with your partner and repeat the activity. 1st try2nd try3rd try Your partner Distance the half-metre rule drops (cm) Reaction time (s)

11.5 The brain and our senses What do you notice from the results of the three trials? The more times we try, the shorter the reaction time becomes (i.e. the faster the reaction).

11.5 The brain and our senses How can we improve our reaction time? We can improve our reaction time through training.

11.5 The brain and our senses 39 Reaction time  can be shortened through training Beep!

11.5 The brain and our senses 40 Reaction time  affected by the condition of the body feeling tired reaction time becomes longer

11.5 The brain and our senses 41 Reaction time  can be lengthened by drugs and alcohol

11.5 The brain and our senses 42 Reaction time is the time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response. Reaction time

11.5 The brain and our senses 43 It varies from person to person. Reaction time

11.5 The brain and our senses 44 Illusions interprets messages from sense organs incorrectly illusions ( 錯覺 )

11.5 The brain and our senses 45 Illusions Which line is a straight line, AC or BC? BC. A B C

11.5 The brain and our senses 46 Illusions How many legs does this elephant have? It looks like to have five legs.

11.5 The brain and our senses 47 Illusions Is the shape in red a circle? Yes, it is a circle. 10 ¢ Put a 10 ¢ coin on it

11.5 The brain and our senses 48 Illusions Close your eyes. Feel a marble with your fingers crossed.

11.5 The brain and our senses 49 Illusions Press down on it and move it from side to side.

11.5 The brain and our senses 50 Illusions How many marbles do you feel? We can feel as if there are two marbles.

11.5 The brain and our senses 51 Optical Illusions

11.5 The brain and our senses 52 Optical Illusions Impossible structure

11.5 The brain and our senses 53 Optical Illusions How many Columns?

11.5 The brain and our senses 54 Optical Illusions What do you see?

11.5 The brain and our senses 55 Sometimes the brain interprets messages incorrectly. This results in illusions. Illusions

11.5 The brain and our senses 56 1Sense organs detect _______ and then send messages to the _______ to produce senses. 7 stimuli brain

11.5 The brain and our senses 57 2After interpretation, the brain sends messages to the _________ to bring about responses. 7 muscles

11.5 The brain and our senses 58 3The brain consists of three main parts: the ______________, the ______________ and the _________________. 7 cerebrum medulla oblongata cerebellum

11.5 The brain and our senses 59 4The time between detecting a stimulus and being able to make a response is called the _______________. 7 reaction time

11.5 The brain and our senses 60 5________ may result when the brain interprets messages incorrectly. 7 Illusion