Student Version

Who “discovered” the Americas? The Irish? Vikings? Leif Ericcson AD. * Africans? Art Chinese ? 1421 emperor led expedition The “native” indians? Portugese? Christopher Columbus? Carribean islands Amerigo Vespucci? Helped Columbus Juan Ponce de Leon? St. Augustine Florida John Cabot? First from Enlgand

1492: A BIG Year for Spain! Take Granada - throw Muslims out – ends Reconquista “Super Catholics” – throw out Jews Want to show how mighty they are… Fund Columbus, an Italian, for a voyage to Asia August 1492 – set sail October 1492 – reached West Indies Returns to brag… 3 more voyages made Claimed Hispaniola, Cuba and Jamaica and coast of South America for Spain

The Turning Point Wipe out Native Cultures (Disease, murder, converting religion, forcing from native land) Europeans become more curious of New World. (take natives back as slaves) Balboa claims Pacific for Spain Crosses isthmus of panama Magellan’s crew Circumnavigates the globe Columbian Exchange Foods, animals, disease, etc.

Spanish Conquer the New World Several Conquistadors Hernando Cortes- Conquered Aztecs Francisco Pizarro- Conquered Incas Juan Ponce de Leon Florida Panfilo Narvaez- Caught in storm in gulf Hernando de Soto Explored Florida to Miss. Francisco Coronado- Arizona, New mexico, grand canyon. Why spend the time and money??

Life in New Spain Missions “duty” to convert to Catholic Laws of the Indies- Class System Peninsulares- Spanish Creoles- born there Mestizos- mixed indians Native American workers/slaves Encomiendas Bartolome de Las Casas- Priest- stopped native slavery, promoted african slavery. African Slave Trade begins: 1540s 10 million slaves

Europe Scrambles for America Protestant Reformation sets the scene in Caused many division – Spain (Catholic) England (Anglican) Dutch and German (Protestant) France: Giovanni da Verrazano & Jacques Cartier V- Traveled Carolinas through Canada for NW passage C ½ way up the St. Lawrence Focus on trapping, fishing and trading, missionary work Covered the great lakes and Mississippi Netherlands: Henry Hudson & Peter Minuit Purchased Manhattan settled New Netherland (York) H- New york harbor, M- searches for riches England: John Cabot & Henry Hudson, etc. Sir Walter Raleigh establishes Roanoke in 1585 Virginia Company establishes Jamestown in 1607 C- “new found” island- wanted Spain’s Success.

Jamestown Colony est Swampy area Little to eat No gold John Smith and Pocahontas Tobacco crops 1612 Reforms of Burgesses Women 1619 African Slaves more than 300 from the Dutch

The Pilgrims The Mayflower Bradford establishes Plymouth in 1620 Elected Gov for 36 years “Separatists” from the church of England The Mayflower Compact “Civic Body Politic- about the “common good” Very harsh winter Unstable houses Nearly ½ died Spring brought help- crops planted thanks to the natives Day of thanksgiving