English Colonies

Roman Catholic Church Protestants Baptists Presbyterians Episcopalians Lutherans Church of England Puritans Separatists (Pilgrims)

Critical Writing Exercise FREEDOM OF RELIGION In a democracy, citizens have freedom of religion. This means they can believe and practice any faith they choose – or, they can choose not to practice any religion. They have the right to follow any major religion, imaginary religion, or no religion at all. Other citizens and the government must respect that right. In a democracy, freedom of religion means others will tolerate your beliefs, whether or not they share them with you. What do you think of freedom of religion? What are its advantages? What are its disadvantages? In your opinion, why is freedom of religion important to a democracy?

New England Colonies

1620

Roman Catholic Church Protestants Baptists Presbyterians Episcopalians Lutherans Church of England Puritans Separatists (Pilgrims)

Pilgrims Arrived on the Mayflower Wanted religious freedom Led by William Bradford and settled at Plymouth Signed the Mayflower Compact (step toward colonial self-government)

Puritans Better Church of England Puritan Beliefs: They were the “chosen people” Very smart Church & state should work together

* 1635

Puritans Leave Massachusetts Leader was Thomas Hooker 1 st group to Connecticut Wrote the Fundamental Orders of Connecticut, which was the 1 st Written Constitution in America Hooker believed in the separation of church and state and that governments were based upon individual rights

1636

Roger Williams Roger Williams believed in religious toleration. Separation of church and state He left Massachusetts and started a colony: Providence, Rhode Island

Anne Hutchinson Outspoken woman – organized bible studies and prayer meetings, and spoke her mind Leaders in Massachusetts believed only the clergy should lead the church Sought refuge in Rhode Island

1638

Reason Settled: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM!

MAJOR PRODUCTS: shipbuilding industry fishing How did they make money?

Climate and Farming: CLIMATE: Extremely cold winter Short growing season FARMING: NOT GOOD   Hard / rocky soil NOT good  

Middle Colonies

* 1626

The English took New Netherlands away from the Dutch and renamed it New York Had lots of ethnic diversity (Italians, Dutch, French, Irish) Trade was great because of the large harbor area Fastest growing of all the colonies New York

1638

New Jersey Was a proprietary colony Known for ethnic diversity Allowed religious freedom 1 st to have trial by jury Representative government

1638

Delaware Formed for Pennsylvania’s access to the Atlantic Ocean Why was this important? FOR TRADE!

1682

Quakers Leader was William Penn Sought religious freedom and trade for money Led a simplistic lifestyle Allowed for religious toleration—church services unnecessary Believed in violence to no one and that slavery was bad

HOW DID THEY END UP HERE? King Charles II owed the Penn family money Repaid them with land in America So…William Penn brought the Quakers to the New World (against his father’s wishes) Pennsylvania & the Quakers

Was called the “Holy Experiment” Established Philadelphia, which became known as the “City of Brotherly Love” “any government is free to the people under it…where the laws rule” Called the “melting pot city” because all foreigners were welcome

REASONS SETTLED: Profit and trade (mercantilism) Religious freedom

MAJOR PRODUCTS Harvesting grain Cattle &

CLIMATE AND FARMING Climate Cold winters Average growing season Farming OK Coastline rocky but some rolling green hills

PEOPLE OF THE MIDDLE COLONIES

1607 (Jamestown)

Jamestown, Virginia Established in 1607 Tobacco & women were the reason for the survival of Jamestown Swamp brought disease House of Burgesses was the 1 st representative government

1634

Established by Lord Baltimore Settled by Roman Catholics fleeing persecution in England Passed the Toleration Act— provided religious freedom Farmed tobacco MARYLAND

Carolina Was swampy & humid Poor administration Used Natives as slave labor Caused many battles Proprietors were no help so the king took over Separated into North and South

1732

Settled by General James Oglethorpe Purpose was to give debtors a new start Slavery was not allowed Allowed religious freedom GEORGIA

REASONS SETTLED: Mercantilism (a state’s power depends on its wealth) Profit from trade

MAJOR PRODUCTS: Agriculture Tobacco – 1 st cash crop Lumber Rice

CLIMATE AND FARMING CLIMATE Warm, humid Long growing season FARMING GREAT! Moist, rich soil

SLAVERY Slavery becomes a worldwide mistake

Start of Slavery Africans were not the 1 st 1 st – Indentured Servants (poor white English people who borrowed money to get to America)

2 nd – Native Americans (began to die of disease or escaped)

3 rd —Africans (slaves were critical for the tobacco harvest)

Brought here through Triangle Trade using the Middle Passage This was the triangle of shipping of goods from America to Europe and slaves from Africa to America