Chapter 11 The Mole A chemists best friend  Counting units in groups is common  Dozen  Case  Gross  Mole - a particular number of atoms, ions, molecules.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 11 The Mole A chemists best friend

 Counting units in groups is common  Dozen  Case  Gross  Mole - a particular number of atoms, ions, molecules or formula units It is a large number

6.02 X Just like dozen = 12 Mole = 6.02 x particles

 Use atomic masses to 3 significant digits or to the hundredths' place, which ever gives you more digits Avogadro constant  It is an SI standard (symbol = N ) A

The Mole  10 “things” In chemistry “things” are atoms, ions, molecules, or formula units. 23  One mole of particles has a mass in grams equivalent to that of one particle in atomic mass units 1 mole of particles contains 6.02  10 particles 23

 Molar mass- the mass of one mole of molecules, atoms, ions, or formula units Examples:  grams to moles  molecules to grams  grams to atoms

Percent Composition- used to identify unknowns Example: Find the percentage composition of aluminum oxide 2 Al atoms = u 3 O atoms = u u % Al =  100 = 52.92% % O =  100 = 47.08% Practice prob pg 331

Empirical Formulas The decomposition of g of a compound of copper and oxygen yields 9.16 g of copper. What is the empirical formula? 2.31 g oxygen 9.16 g Cu 1 mole Cu =.144 mole Cu g Cu 2.31 g O 1 mole O =.144 mole O g O Ratio 1:1 hence CuO

A compound contains carbon 81.7% and Hydrogen 18.3%. Find the empirical formula 81.7 g C 1 mole C = 6.80 moles C g C 18.3 g H 1 mole H = 18.1 moles H 1.01 g H Ratio = 6.81 : = 1:2.66 = 1:2 3 = 1: 8 3:8 C H Exercises Pg 333

 Molecular Formulas~ Must know molar mass Example: analysis of a compound reveals this composition: 80.0% C 20.0% H Molar mass = 30.0 g What is the molecular formula? 80.0 g C 1 mole C= 6.66 mole C g C 20.0 g H 1 mole H = 19.8 mole H 1.01 g H C H 1 3 C2H6C2H6

Ascorbic acid, vitamin C, is 40.9% carbon, 4.58% hydrogen and 54.5% oxygen. Its molar mass is g/mole. What is the molecular formula?

Hydrates ~ water molecules are part of the crystal structure Example: 5.20 g of hydrated BaI 2 is heated. The dry sample has a mass of 4.76 g. What is the formula of the hydrate?.44 g H O g – 4.76 g =.44 g H O 2

4.76 g BaI 1 mole BaI=.0122 mole BaI g BaI g H O 1 mole H O=.024 mole H O g H O mole = mole = :2 RatioBaI 2H O 22

Atomic mass unit ( u ) a.m.u. H = 1.01 u O = u C = u  Molecular Mass- the sum of all the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule  Formula Mass- used for ionic compounds