PROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical Science- Professor Wofford

PROPERTIES OF ALL OBJECTS Objects take up space. All objects take up space. Your computer is taking up space on the desk. You are taking up space on the chair.

PHYSICAL VS. CHEMICAL Physical properties: observe without changing the identity of the substance Chemical properties: observe only when the identity changes How do you know if it is chemical or physical?  If it CHanges, it’s CHemical

PHYSICAL CHANGES: Changes in matter that do not alter the identity of the matter itself.

PHYSICAL CHANGES Changes that do NOT change the identity of the substance. You may or may not be able to undo a physical change.

PHYSICAL CHANGES: For example: 1. Size2. Shape 3. State - solid liquid gas 4. Dilutions The water doesn't turn into soil or macaroni. It remains water. If it did change into soil or macaroni, your drink would taste terrible and you would have an example of a chemical change

If you remember, ice is water in the solid state. When you drop the ice cube into the liquid, it begins to melt because the temperature is higher than that of the ice cube. It's like putting a snowman on your front lawn in July. The ice cube becomes liquid water. This is an example of a physical change. The solid water turned to liquid water.

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES A common chemical property is reactivity.  Reactive to oxygen  Reactive to air  Reactive to water… Notice that chemical properties aren’t EASY to observe, unlike physical properties.

CHEMICAL CHANGES Chemical changes do alter the identity of a substance In other words, a chemical change is when something changes into an entirely different substance For example:  Iron rusting  Wood burning  Copper turning to brass  Baking a cake  spoiled milk

CHEMICAL PROPERTIES- These are properties that can only be observed by changing the identity of the substance. A piece of paper burns and turns to a black substance. After the flame goes out you can no longer burn the new substance. The chemical properties have been changed.

Milk needs to be in the refrigerator or else it will go bad. If you've ever seen or smelled spoiled milk, it is not a pretty sight. The milk gets a sour odor and becomes lumpy. Unlike physical changes, you cannot reverse chemical changes. You can melt ice to get water and freeze that water to get ice again. You cannot make milk unspoiled.

STATES OF MATTER

KINETIC THEORY OF MATTER Matter is made up of particles which are in continual random motion.

THE FOUR STATES OF MATTER Solid Liquid Gas Plasma  Based upon particle arrangement  Based upon energy of particles  Based upon distance between particles

STATES OF MATTER- SOLIDS Particles of solids are tightly packed, vibrating about a fixed position. Solids have a definite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTER- LIQUID  Particles of liquids are tightly packed, but are far enough apart to slide over one another.  Liquids have an indefinite shape and a definite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTER- GAS  Particles of gases are very far apart and move freely.  Gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Heat

STATES OF MATTER- PLASMA  A plasma is an ionized gas.  A plasma is a very good conductor of electricity and is affected by magnetic fields.  Plasmas, like gases have an indefinite shape and an indefinite volume. Plasma is the common state of matter

SOME PLACES WHERE PLASMAS ARE FOUND… 1. Flames2. Lightning 3. Aurora 4. Sun

COLD PLASMA

STATES OF MATTER SOLID LIQUID GAS PLASMA Tightly packed, in a regular pattern Vibrate, but do not move from place to place Close together with no regular arrangement. Vibrate, move about, and slide past each other Well separated with no regular arrangement. Vibrate and move freely at high speeds Has no definite volume or shape and is composed of electrical charged particles

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to liquid Melting Heat goes into the solid as it melts. Liquid to solid Freezing Heat leaves the liquid as it freezes.

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Liquid to gas Vaporization, which includes boiling and evaporation Heat goes into the liquid as it vaporizes. Gas to liquidCondensation Heat leaves the gas as it condenses.

PHASE CHANGES Description of Phase Change Term for Phase Change Heat Movement During Phase Change Solid to gasSublimation Heat goes into the solid as it sublimates. Gas to SolidDeposition Heat leaves the gas as it deposites.