New era in global trade Driven by mercantilism Monarchs seek to strengthen their countries’ economy through increased trade Countries promote colonization Colonies – source of materials New production (putting-out system) fits into this expanded role of trade

Mercantilism economy Colonies European imperial power Raw materials (slave labor) Manufactured goods for export Putting-out system of production Beginning of factories Rising incomes & wealth Decline of guilds Merchants’ wealth went up Nobles’ wealth went down

Colonialism – N. America Other countries jealous of Spain & Portugal Britain, France, Netherlands explored N. America 1600s – French occupying large parts of N. America France distracted by war in Europe – explorers keep exploring

Furs & fish French trappers develop trading partnerships with Native Americans Demand for furs (beaver, fox, wolf) First permanent settlement 1608 French interests extended from Hudson’s Bay to the Gulf Coast Louis XIV expands settlement

Meanwhile…England Set up first colony at Jamestown 1607 Second wave of settlers – Pilgrims (Protestants) seeking to avoid the Church of England s & 1700s – 13 colonies establish Farming is central – wheat in the north; rice, tobacco and later cotton in the south

Governing distant colonies Viceroys or governors given power to run colonies Spain, Portugal & France tried to control from afar English colonists enjoyed more political autonomy (control) Reflected parliamentary rights of England

4 competing countries France Britain Netherlands Spain PNW still unexplored

And so to war… Britain versus France 1754 – war breaks out in N. America Various battles (& in other parts of the world) Battle of Quebec 1759 decisive for Britain 1763 Treaty of Paris – Britain gains control of Canada; France gets parts of the Caribbean and large swath of mid- N.America

Spain controls west & sw Spain’s control extends north into California Spain also controls SW (what would become Texas, Arizona, New Mexico) Disputes over these territories occur later (17 th -19 th centuries)

Mark up your blank maps Using the text book map on page 485, carefully color (separate color for each country) on the blank map the areas under control by Spain, England, Netherlands and France