Single Displacement Reactions

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Single Displacement Reactions: At the conclusion of our time together, you should be able to: 1.Identify a basic single displacement reaction 2.Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place 3.Balance a single displacement reaction

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Single Replacement Reactions Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. Single Replacement Reactions occur when one element replaces another in a compound. A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a halogen can replace a halogen (-). A metal can replace a metal (+) OR a halogen can replace a halogen (-). element + compound  element + compound element + compound  element + compound A + BC  AC + B (if A is a metal) OR A + BC  BA + C (if A is a ) A + BC  BA + C (if A is a halogen ) (remember the cation always goes first!)

Single Replacement Reactions For these reactions, you must remember: For these reactions, you must remember: When H 2 O splits into ions, it splits into H + and OH - (not H 2 and O 2 !!) A single replacement reaction will only occur if the replacement ion has a higher activity than the original ion in the compound To determine this, refer to a relative activity table

Relative Activities Metals Decreasing ActivityHalogens Lithium, LiFluorine, F Potassium, KChlorine, Cl Calcium, CaBromine, Br Sodium, NaIodine, I Magnesium, Mg Aluminum, Al Zinc, ZnHydrogen, H Chromium, CrCopper, Cu Iron, FeMercury, Hg Nickel, NiSilver, Ag Tin, SnPlatinum, Pt Lead, PbGold, Au

Single Replacement Reactions (note: Li is higher relative activity than H): (note: Li is higher relative activity than H):

A Displacement Reaction: metallic copper with silver nitrate Cu + Ag NO 3 Ag + Cu(NO 3 ) 2 Note: Cu is higher relative activity

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Try This…#1 Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Aluminum reacts with aqueous iron (III) oxide Aluminum reacts with aqueous iron (III) oxide Al + Fe 2 O 3  Al + Fe 2 O 3  Aluminum is higher relative activity so… Aluminum is higher relative activity so… Al + Fe 2 O 3  Al + Fe 2 O 3  Fe + Al 2 O 3 Fe + Al 2 O 3 2 2

Single Replacement Reactions #9 Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: Write and balance the following single replacement reaction equation: Zinc metal reacts with aqueous magnesium chloride Zinc metal reacts with aqueous magnesium chloride Zn (s) + MgCl 2 aq)  Zn (s) + MgCl 2 aq)  No Go Note: Zinc will not replace the magnesium ion in the reaction because it does not have a higher relative activity

Single Replacement Demonstration Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Aluminum metal reacts with aqueous copper (II) nitrate Al (s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  Al (s) + Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  Al(NO 3 ) 3(aq) + Cu 2 Al (s) + 3 Cu(NO 3 ) 2(aq)  2 Al(NO 3 ) 3(aq) + 3 Cu

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Single Displacement: Let’s see if you can: 1.Identify a basic single displacement reaction 2.Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place 3.Balance a single displacement reaction

Try This…#5 Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Silver reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfate Silver reacts with aqueous copper (II) sulfate Silver is lower relative activity so… Ag + CuSO 4  Silver is lower relative activity so… Ag + CuSO 4  No Go

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Try This…#10 Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Predict the products and balance the following reactions: Sodium reacts with aqueous calcium sulfate Sodium reacts with aqueous calcium sulfate Na + CaSO 4  Na + CaSO 4  Sodium is lower relative activity so… Sodium is lower relative activity so… Na + CaSO 4  Na + CaSO 4  No Go No Go

I don’t feel so stupid now…

Single Displacement: Let’s see if you can: 1.Identify a basic single displacement reaction 2.Use the reactivity series table to determine if the reaction will take place 3.Balance a single displacement reaction

Try These Last Two: #7 Chromium reacts with nickel iodide: Chromium reacts with nickel iodide: Cr (s) + NiI 2(g)  Cr (s) + NiI 2(g)  Ni (s) + CrI 2(g) Ni (s) + CrI 2(g) Note that chromium replaces nickel in the compound

Try These Last Two: #8 Potassium metal reacts with aqueous magnesium sulfate Potassium metal reacts with aqueous magnesium sulfate K (s) + MgSO 4 (aq)  K (s) + MgSO 4 (aq)  K 2 SO 4 (aq) + Cu Potassium metal is higher that Mg on the reactivity series!! 2