Regional workshop on migration statistics, October 2011, Antalya, Turkey Pablo Lattes Migration Section, Population Division - DESA United Nations, New York The global migration debate: What data do we need to close the evidence-gap?

International migration and development at the United Nations

Milestones on international migration and development at the United Nations International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994 (PoA, Chapter X) International Conference on Population and Development, Cairo, 1994 (PoA, Chapter X) High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, 2006 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, 2006 Global Forum on Migration and DevelopmentGlobal Forum on Migration and Development Global Migration Group (14 UN agencies plus IOM and World Bank)Global Migration Group (14 UN agencies plus IOM and World Bank) Special Representative of the Secretary-GeneralSpecial Representative of the Secretary-General Informal thematic debate on International Migration and Development, 19 May 2011 Informal thematic debate on International Migration and Development, 19 May 2011 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, 2013 High-Level Dialogue on International Migration and Development, 2013

Informal thematic debate Panel 1: The contribution of migrants to development International migration contributes to development. But in order to reap the full benefits of migration the following are needed: Better policies and programs to: Reduce transaction costs of remittancesReduce transaction costs of remittances Promote return and circular migrationPromote return and circular migration Promote migrant entrepreneurshipPromote migrant entrepreneurship Protect the rights of all migrantsProtect the rights of all migrants Facilitate the integration of migrants into host societiesFacilitate the integration of migrants into host societies A sound evidence baseA sound evidence base

Informal thematic debate (2) Panel 2: Improving international cooperation on migration and development Maximizing migrant contributions to development requires cooperation at all levels At the bilateral and regional levels progress has been made in strengthening cooperationAt the bilateral and regional levels progress has been made in strengthening cooperation The GFMD has successfully promoted dialogue, but it is still a fragile process, with insufficient support from Member StatesThe GFMD has successfully promoted dialogue, but it is still a fragile process, with insufficient support from Member States The GMG has an important role to play in fostering better coordination and supporting the activities of Member States (for example, collaboration between UNHCR and IOM to evacuate foreign workers from Libya)The GMG has an important role to play in fostering better coordination and supporting the activities of Member States (for example, collaboration between UNHCR and IOM to evacuate foreign workers from Libya)

The Global Migration Group (GMG) 16 members, including the 14 United Nations entities (…), IOM and the World Bank 16 members, including the 14 United Nations entities (…), IOM and the World Bank Created by United Nations Secretary-General in context of the 2006 High Level Dialogue Created by United Nations Secretary-General in context of the 2006 High Level Dialogue Objectives: Objectives: Apply international instruments and norms on international migrationApply international instruments and norms on international migration Promote coherent, comprehensive and coordinated approach to international migrationPromote coherent, comprehensive and coordinated approach to international migration Global Migration Group (GMG), 2011

Global Forum on Migration and Development (GFMD) Objective Objective to advance understanding and cooperation on the nexus between migration and development and foster practical and action-oriented outcomesto advance understanding and cooperation on the nexus between migration and development and foster practical and action-oriented outcomes Character Character voluntary, informal, participatory, non-binding and Government-led processvoluntary, informal, participatory, non-binding and Government-led process Participation Participation open to all members and observers of the UNopen to all members and observers of the UN Past Meetings Past Meetings Belgium (2007), Philippines (2008), Greece (2009) and Mexico (2010)Belgium (2007), Philippines (2008), Greece (2009) and Mexico (2010) Future Meetings Future Meetings Switzerland (2011), Mauritius (2012), Sweden (2014)Switzerland (2011), Mauritius (2012), Sweden (2014)

2011 GFMD – main themes Theme - Taking Action on Migration and Development - Coherence, Capacity and Cooperation Theme - Taking Action on Migration and Development - Coherence, Capacity and Cooperation Labour mobility and development Labour mobility and development Engaging the private sector in labour market planning Lowering the costs of migration for higher development gains Global care workers at the interface of migration and development Addressing irregular migration through coherent migration and development strategies Addressing irregular migration through coherent migration and development strategies And Planning tools for evidence-based migration and development policies. And Planning tools for evidence-based migration and development policies. Handbook on ‘Mainstreaming Migration into Development Planning’ Impact Assessments of Migration and Development PoliciesImpact Assessments of Migration and Development Policies Implementing Migration ProfilesImplementing Migration Profiles

2013 High-level Dialogue on International Migration and Development process (UNGA resolution 65/170) Resolution on theme and modalities: UNGA 67th session (Oct 2012) Resolution on theme and modalities: UNGA 67th session (Oct 2012) Regional commissions and other relevant entities (IOM, etc.): regional preparations Regional commissions and other relevant entities (IOM, etc.): regional preparations High-level Dialogue: Sep (?) 2013 High-level Dialogue: Sep (?) 2013 Resolution on HLD outcomes and future (?) Resolution on HLD outcomes and future (?)

Data sources for policy issues Key policy levels Data sources Levels, trends and characteristics UN DESA Remittances levels and costs The World Bank Circular and return migration ? Surveys Labour export (incl. highly-skilled migration [brain drain]) OECD, WHO, The World Bank Migrant entrepreneurship ? Surveys Portability of pensions ? bilateral agreements Transferability of education certificates / skills UNESCO, bilateral agreements Irregular migration Admin. Records, Surveys Social and economic integration of migrants Census, Surveys Protection of rights of migrants Special Rapporteur on Human Rights, ILO

Recommended stock tabulations by United Nations Statistical Office Native and foreign-born population by age and sex Native and foreign-born population by age and sex Foreign-born population by country of birth, age and sex Foreign-born population by country of birth, age and sex Foreigners by country of citizenship, age and sex Foreigners by country of citizenship, age and sex Foreign-born 15+ years and over by educational attainment and sex Foreign-born 15+ years and over by educational attainment and sex Foreigners 15+ years of age by educational attainment and sex Foreigners 15+ years of age by educational attainment and sex Population by citizenship status, age and sex Population by citizenship status, age and sex Economically active foreign-born by occupation Economically active foreign-born by occupation Source: Migrant stock tables of United Nations Statistics Division Population census questionnaire 2011

Recommended flow tabulations by United Nations Statistical Office Inflow by reason (work, study, etc.) Inflow by reason (work, study, etc.) Inflow and outflow by citizenship status, sex and age Inflow and outflow by citizenship status, sex and age Inflow and outflow by origin/destination Inflow and outflow by origin/destination citizenshipcitizenship country of residence (previous/next)country of residence (previous/next) country of birthcountry of birth Source: United Nations Statistics Division Questionnaire on International Travel and Migration Source: United Nations Statistics Division Questionnaire on International Travel and Migration

Reporting compliance by countries Example 1: migrant stock (total) Total foreign-born/ foreigners Percentage countries with data Percentage migrants covered Africa Asia Europe Latin America and the Caribbean Northern America Oceania Total Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Reporting compliance by countries Example 2: migrant stock (age) Foreign-born, foreigners by age Percentage countries with data Percentage migrants covered Africa Asia Europe LAC Northern America Oceania Total Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Reporting compliance by countries Example 3: migrant stock (origin) Foreign-born, Foreigners by country of birth / citizenship Foreign-born, Foreigners by country of birth / citizenship Percentage countries with data Percentage migrants covered Africa Asia Europe LAC Northern America Oceania Total Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Reporting on migration flows CountryFromCountryFromCountryFrom Armenia2000Germany1965Poland1999 Australia1976Greece2007Portugal1992 Austria1996Hungary1995 Rep. of Moldova 1993 Azerbaijan1995Iceland1986Romania1994 Belarus2000Ireland1987 Russian Fed Belgium1960Israel1995Slovakia1993 Bulgaria2007Italy1986Slovenia1996 Canada1964Kazakhstan2000Spain1983 Croatia1992Kyrgyzstan1990Sweden1960 Cyprus2002Latvia1995Switzerland1991 Czech Republic 1993Lithuania2000Ukraine2000 Denmark1980 Luxembourg d 1980 United Kingdom 1960 Estonia2004Netherlands2000 United States 2000 Finland1980 New Zealand 1979 France1994Norway1980 Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Remittances (inflows US dollars) Source: World Bank, 2011 Remittances Inflows (US$ million) e Share of GDP, 2009 Armenia % Azerbaijan % Belarus % Georgia % Kazakhstan % Kyrgyz Republic % Moldova % Russian Federation % Tajikistan % Turkmenistan Ukraine % Uzbekistan

The cost of transferring remittances differs greatly across migration corridors Cost of sending US$ 200 in US$, third quarter 2010 Some of the least expensive corridors Some of the most expensive corridors Source: World Bank, 2011

Migrant entrepreneurs create many new jobs … Average number of jobs created by each foreign-born self-employed person in firms with under 50 employees, Source: OECD, 2010

… almost as many as native-born entrepreneurs Average number of jobs created by each foreign- and native-born self-employed person in firms with under 50 employees, Source: OECD, 2010

TO “Origin ” REGIONAFRASIAEURLACNAMOCEANTOTAL FROM AFR % ASIA % EUR % LAC % NAM % OCEAN % TOTAL “Destination”89%79%55%62%3%14% Migration Corridors Significant migration between regions (millions) Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011

Migrant Stock by Age and Sex Migrants in the ‘North’: older and a balanced sex ratio Migrants in the ‘South’: younger and males of working age More developed regions Less developed regions Migration Section – Population Division - DESA, 2011