Terms for Mobilizing / Life on the Home Front Cost Plus = government agreed to pay company the cost of converting to wartime materials. Double V = victory over racism in Germany and at home. Tuskegee Airmen = The first African American Air Force unit. Zoot suit = Caused racial tension toward hispanics in California. Rationing = limit purchase of products so that the military has enough Victory gardens = grow your own food

Assignment Complete packet for “Mobilizing for War” and “Life on the Home Front”

reflection What did Churchill know would lead to a modern war? How did congress support factories that converted to wartime production? What is the significance of cost plus contracts? What industry was uniquely suited to mass production of wartime goods? Who created an assembly line for the enormous b-24 bomber? How were liberty ships different from other ships? When did American opinions about a peacetime draft change? What was the goal of “double V” campaign? What were the accomplishments of the Tuskegee airmen? What challenges did the USA face as it mobilized?

Terms for “The Early Battles” Convoy System = made it difficult for German Submarines to sink cargo ships Douglas MacArthur = Army General that promised to return to the Philippines. Bataan Death March = 10,000 American prisoners died at the hands of the Japanese

Warm Up for “The Early Battles” Why were jobs suddenly available to women and minorities? What challenges did Americans at home face during the war? Why were many Americans offended by the Zoot Suit worn by Mexican Americans in Southern California? What happened to many Americans of Japanese ancestry who lived along the west coast during WWII? What was the purpose of Victory Gardens? Why did the government begin rationing consumer goods? What items did Americans contribute to scrap drives? How did the government pay the cost of the war?

The Early Battles of WWII

SETTING THE STAGE Two Fronts – ◦ European Theater ◦ Pacific Theater Pacific, The Battle of Midway – June 1942, Europe, Battle of the Atlantic

Philippine Colony Day after Pearl Harbor Japanese take the Philippines. No hope of reinforcements for U.S. troops there. Bataan Death March

THE FALL OF THE PHILIPPINES Eventually, troops were forced to surrender. Horrible conditions. Troops were forced to march 65 miles to a Japanese POW Camp. Over 10,000 men perish.

THE DOOLITTLE RAID ON TOKYO Early1942, U.S. want to do something. FDR orders LT. COL James Doolittle to undertake a suicide mission. Plan to bomb Tokyo – little actual damage but big psychological blow to Japanese Huge moral lift for U.S.A

THE BATTLE OF CORAL SEA After Doolittle Raid, Japan realizes it must crush American fleet. Thanks to code breakers, US is able to keep supple lines open to Australia. Fleets meet in the Battle of Coral Sea. 1 st naval battle fought completely with air power.

THE BATTLE OF MIDWAY: THE TURNING POINT IN PACIFIC THEATER Code breakers lure Japanese into trap at Midway. The Japanese end up losing 4 carriers, 100s of planes = Never recover. Now Japanese on defensive – US on offensive.

STOPPING THE GERMANS In 1942, Nazi invasion of USSR devastating – Stalin demands action by US Operation Torch – US invades North Africa Success will mean moving on to “soft underbelly” Sicily and Italy.

THE STRUGGLE FOR N. AFRICA General Patton leads US forces in Morocco. Capture Casablanca. German General Erwin Rommel (Desert Fox) stops US advance in Tunisia. Finally, combined British and American forces defeat Germans at El Alamein in 1943.

THE BATTLE OF THE ATLANTIC By August 1942, German subs had sunk 360 US ships off East Coast. (Wolf Pack) American navy sets up convoy system New technology – Radar, sonar and improved depth charges = success

THE BATTLE OF STALINGRAD IN THE SPRING OF 1942, HITLER ORDERED HIS TROOPS TO CAPTURE STALINGRAD AT ALL COSTS GERMANS UNPREPARED FOR WINTER, SOVIETS FOUGHT FIERCLY FOR EVERY INCH OF CITY IN NOVEMBER, SOVIET REINFORCEMENTS ARRIVED AND TRAPPED GERMANS IN CITY ENTIRE ELITE GERMAN 5 TH ARMY SURRENDERS = GERMANY NO LONGER ON THE OFFENSIVE = RETREATING

reflection What is the historical significance of General Douglas MacArthur? What effect did the Doolittle Raid have on the war against Japan? How did the Japanese change their strategy after the Doolittle Raid? What is the historical significance of the Battle of the Coral Sea? How was the Battle of Midway a major turning point in the war against Japan? Why did FDR and Churchill want to defeat Germany in N. Africa before staging a European invasion? Who commanded the German forces in North Africa? What battle proved to be the turning point in N. Africa against the Germans? How did the United States win the Battle of the Atlantic? How was the battle of Stalingrad a major turning point in the fight to defeat German forces in the Soviet Union?