{ U.S. History Standard 6 Review

The student will demonstrate an understanding of the conflict between traditionalism and progressivism in the 1920s and the economic collapse and the political response to the economic crisis in the 1930s. Standard USHC-6:

Explain the impact of the changes in the 1920s on the economy, society, and culture, including the expansion of mass production techniques, the invention of new home appliances, the introduction of the installment plan, the role of transportation in changing urban life, the effect of radio and movies in creating a national mass culture, and the cultural changes exemplified by the Harlem Renaissance. USHC-6.1

Mass Production Henry Ford Assembly Line TransportationAutomobile Aviation Aviation made travel easy movement to the Suburbs Charles Lindberg pilot New Inventions Household appliances Installment InstallmentBuying Buying Buying w/ Credit w/ Credit People purchased things they could not afford The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

Harlem Renaissance Langston Hughes An outpouring of African American literature, art, and poetry The “Lost Generation” Called American cultural values into question F. Scott Fitzgerald/ The Great Gatsby Ernest Hemingway/ Farewell to Arms Entertainment Radio & Movies KDKA KDKA Movies like Birth of a Nation influenced cultural attitudes. The Roaring Twenties and the Great Depression

Explain the causes and effects of the social change and conflict between traditional and modern culture that took place during the 1920s, including the role of women, the “Red Scare,” the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan, immigration quotas, Prohibition, and the Scopes trial. USHC-6.2

 Caused by the Rise of Communist Countries in Europe  Palmer Raids arrested alleged communists  New wave of American nativism “Red Scare”

 New hatred focused on the immigrants  Geographic shift to the Northern States Resurgence of the KKK

 Polices limited immigration in the immigration in the 1920’s 1920’s  Asian immigrants were banned banned  Eastern and Southern European immigrants European immigrants were limited were limited Immigration

 Flappers—women that revolted against the Victorian Ideal  19 th Amendment gave women the right to vote  Same jobs but less pay than men Role of Women

18th Amendment prohibited alcohol Prohibition Temperance movement Leads to the development of organized crime Repealed by the 21st Amendment

 Scopes fined for teaching Evolution  Religious Fundamentalism  Evolution is against GOD-secular  Called the “Monkey” Trial FACT: The phrase, “Monkey Trial,” was coined by H.L. Mencken, a reporter covering the trial for the Baltimore Sun. Scopes Trial

 Explain the causes and consequences of the Great Depression, including the disparities in income and wealth distribution; the collapse of the farm economy and the effects of the Dust Bowl; limited governmental regulation; taxes, investment; and stock market speculation; policies of the federal government and the Federal Reserve System; and the effects of the Depression on the people. USHC-6.3

“Easy Money” PoliciesOverconsumptionStock Market Speculation During the 1920s, the Federal Reserve kept interest rates low, which encouraged borrowing. Consumers borrowed money to pay for new appliances and other consumer goods, purchasing these items on credit. Since the stock market was doing so well, many people borrowed money to speculate in the market. Borrowing money to invest in stocks is called buying on the margin. The Great Depression By the late 1920s, consumers had so much debt that they could no longer pay for expensive consumer goods, which lowered demand. This resulted in overproduction, resulting in decreased profits for companies. STOCK MARKET CRASH (1929)

“Hoovervilles”The Dust BowlUnemploymentBanks Shantytowns were the homeless lived Severe drought in the Midwest 25% of the population was unemployed Banks failed because of the crash and the run on the banks President Herbert Hoover tried many things, such as increasing tax rates and the tariff, but his efforts failed to bring about recovery. Hoover rejected the idea of Direct Relief (payments from the government to individuals). The Great Depression

 Analyze President Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal as a response to the economic crisis of the Great Depression, including the effectiveness of New Deal programs in relieving suffering and achieving economic recovery, in protecting the rights of women and minorities, and in making significant reforms to protect the economy such as Social Security and labor laws. USHC-6.4

 Franklin D. Roosevelt  Wife: Eleanor Roosevelt  The “First 100 Days”  Bank Holiday The New Deal

The “Three R’s” of the New Deal: Relief Recovery Reform The New Deal

Agency Issue addressed AAA approved loans to farmers and paid farmers subsidies to not grow certain crops to keep prices high FDIC insured bank deposits up to $100, to prevent people from withdrawing money during panic NRA passed to bolster industrial prices and prevent U.S. business failures. Also created the Public Works Administration which constructed dams, highways, and bridges SEC established to regulate the stock market and prevent unfair trading practices TVA TVA built dams to create jobs and bring cheap electricity to parts of the South FDR’s Alphabet Soup

Agency Issue Addressed NLRB created a board to monitor unfair business practices like firing workers for joining labor unions. Established by the Wagner Act SSA Created Social Security which established retirement income for workers when they reached 65. Second New Deal Legislation

African American workers were typically the last hired and the first fired, leading to black workers suffering from a much higher level of unemployment (50%) than whites (25%). Although FDR took little official action to combat racial discrimination, black voters began to align themselves with Roosevelt’s Democratic Party in the 1930s. Before the New Deal, African American voters had typically supported the Republican Party. African Americans and the New Deal

 Many of the New Deal successes did not address labor problems that were faced by women Women and the New Deal