Properties of Matter

Physical Properties def. Characteristic of a substance that can change without the substances becoming a different substance Ex: odor, color, volume, state (gas, liquid, or solid), density, melting & boiling point, mass, length, shape, taste, luster, malleability, solubility, ductility, thermal conductivity QQQNwy30

Physical Properties that the behavior of a material… Solubility  ability of a substance to dissolve in another substance ex: powdered lemonade dissolves in water easily Ductility  ability of a substance to be pulled into wire ex: copper used for wiring bc ductile Malleability  ability of a substance to be rolled or pounded into thin sheets ex: aluminum foil

Examples of Physical Properties Magnetism  some objects are attracted to magnets ex: iron State  physical form in which a substance exists: solid, liquid, gas Viscosity  a liquids resistance to flow

Viscosity

Measuring Density Density- amount of matter in a given space, or volume; density is measured in a combination of SI units called derived units Density (d) = mass (m) / volume (v) Ex: mass = 45 grams; volume = 5 cm 3 Find the density of the golf ball: 45 g / 5 cm 3 = 9 g/cm 3 g/cm 3 = an example of a derived unit

5 Liquids Baby Oil (D =.83 g/mL) Water Vegetable Oil Isopropyl Alcohol Dishwashing Liquid

Density of Solids Q. Would you rather carry 1 kilogram of lead or 1 kilogram of feathers? WHY? A. both have the same mass, but that would be a lot of feathers to equal the mass of 1 kg of lead *Knowing the density of a substance can tell you if a substance will float or sink. If the density of an object is less than the density of water, the object will float!

Use Density to Identify Substances

Think Outside the Box Q. Would the density of a given substance change if the temperature changes? A. YES as temperature changes the density also changes

EXAMPLES Blue 100 g Pours slowly Dissolves in water 15 g/mL ndchemistry/metals/preview.weml

Using Physical Properties to Separate Choose the best method to achieve separation? Pure water from salty water Clear water from muddy water Sawdust mixed with sand Steel buttons and plastic buttons

Physical Change Def. change of matter from one form to another without a change in chemical properties  Change in substance’s size, shape, or state of matter  substance does not change identity when it undergoes a physical change

Chemical Properties Def. any characteristic of a substance that indicates whether it can undergo a certain chemical change Reactivity  characteristic that describes the ability of a substance to change to a different substance Flammability  ability of a substance to burn Ex: Wood burning in a fireplace, which gives off heat and gases and leaving a residue of ashes. In this process, the wood is changed into several substances. pH

Chemical Change def. when one or more substances are changed into new substances with different properties Ex: soured milk smells bad because bacteria have formed a new substance in the milk Ex: Statue of Liberty was copper  now looks green from Cu reaction with moist air

Signs of Chemical Change Color or odor change Heat Fizzing and foaming Sound or light given off physical-and-chemical-properties.html physical-and-chemical-properties.html

Weathering of Earth Large rocks can split when water seeps into small cracks, freezes, and expands  Physical OR Chemical? A: Physical bc the smaller pieces of newly exposed rock still have the same properties as the original

Stalactites & Stalagmite Formation

Law of Conservation of Mass Law states that matter is not created or destroyed, but conserved (total mass of starting reactants equals the mass of the products)

Sanding a piece of wood PHYSICAL

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