Practicals 1 Nematodes - trematodes

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Presentation transcript:

Practicals 1 Nematodes - trematodes PaRaSiToLoGy Practicals 1 Nematodes - trematodes srjp_011686

Enterobius vermicularis ova D-shaped Scratching of the perianal area leads to hand contamination with infective ova and reinfection of the host

Enterobius vermicularis - Female Enterobius vermicularis - Male Common name: PINWORM Enterobius vermicularis - Female Enterobius vermicularis - Male Pointed tail in females; more frequently found in cellophane tape preparations Strongly curved ventral end and conspicuous copulatory spicule

Trichuris trichiura (fertilized ova) smooth shell with polar prominences, known as polar “plugs” “football shaped”; “chinese lantern” female worm shed 3,000 and 20,000 eggs per day requires tropical temperature for embryonation to occur an infective egg can survive for 1 year

Trichuris trichiura - female Common Name: WHIP WORM Trichuris trichiura - female

Trichuris trichiura – male worm characteristically coiled tail Trichuris trichiura – cross section appendix

Trichinella spiralis ( Muscle Worm) Cosmopolitan in distribution when infective larvae in inadequately cooked pork is ingested, they reach maturity in the intestine larvae enters the bloodstream and are carried to the muscle tissue throughout the body pigs and rats are the most important reservoir hosts in nature Larvae are most abundant in tongue, masseter muscle, diaphragm and other active muscle tissues.

Capillaria philippinensis ova “peanut shaped” unembryonated fertile eggs striated shells and inconspicuous polar prominences

Capillaria philippinensis - adult worm Common name: “PUDOC WORM” Diagnostic stage: unembroyenated egg, fertilized egg and larva

Ancylostoma braziliense – female worm Ancylostoma braziliense – male worm Ancylostoma species The posterior end of the male has a broad transluscent membranous caudal bursa with rib like rays and spicule which is used for attachment to the female during copulation.

Ancylostoma caninum – adult female worm The anterior portion of the of an adult is responsible for the attachment which is known as the mouth part. Has 3 cutting plates. Ancylostoma caninum – adult male worm

Necator americanus – mouth part Hookworm – adult female Hookworm – adult male Necator americanus – mouth part Hookworm – adult female

Hookworm (rhabtidiform larva) maybe confused with strongyloides larva normally passed in feces has long, tubular, buccal canal and the genital primordium cannot be seen Hookworm – rhabtidiform larvae Hookworm (3rd stage, filariform larva) much longer and more slender than the rhabtiditoid form short esophagus, long intestine, pointed tail this stage is usually found in soil or in feces cultured for 5 days or longer Hookworm – filariform larvae

Strongyloides stercoralis - rhabditiform If free living female in feces, are allowed to stand at room temperature and remain moist for 2-3 days, the rhabditoid larva may develop into free living adult Strongyloides stercoralis - rhabditiform Strongyloides Stercoralis - Filariform 3rd stage, infective stage longer and slender than rhabditoid stage differentiated from hookworm filariform by its long esophagus, equal in length intestine, and by its blunt, notched tail Parasitic females rarely are seen in feces Strongyloides stercoralis - filariform

Ascaris lumbricoides – unfertilized ovum Ascaris lumbricoides – embryonated ovum Has a poorly developed irregular mammillated layer. Ascaris lumbricoides – fertilized ovum The outer albuminoid, mammillated layer is absent. Ascaris lumbricoides – decorticated ovum Presence of mammillated external layer of the thick shell; one stage cell normally found in feces.

Males: curved tail Females: straight tail

Intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum Ascaris lumbricoides – embryonated ovum Schistosoma japonicum ova in x-section appendix Intermediate host for Schistosoma japonicum Schistosoma japonicum ova in liver Schistosoma japonicum ova in human intestine

Schistosoma japonicum ova in human brain Schistosoma japonicum ova in spleen Note: kahit ako, hindi ko makita yung ova sa mga organ. Sorry, ito lang kasi yung nakita kong pix…

Schistosoma spp: cercaria are the infective forms Schistosoma spp: cercaria are the infective forms. After encountering the skin, the cercariae penetrate and lose the tail transforming into schistosomulae. Known as the “forked tail cercaria”

Schistosoma japonicum – adult male Schistosoma japonicum – in copula adult schistosomes live in pairs in the portal system and in mesenteric venules Females are slender and longer; are held in the gynecophoric canal during copulation Males have a ventral infolding from the ventral sucker to the posterior end forming the gynecophoric canal Schistosoma japonicum – adult female

Schistosoma japonicum – ova smaller than those of S. haematobium and S. mansoni Ovoid and has thin clear shell a small spine or hook on its lateral margin that may be inconspicuous or difficult to see contains a miracidium when passed into the feces Schistosoma japonicum – ova