HEALTH AND HUMAN DEVELOPMENT Unit 1: Youth health and development AOS 2: Transition to adulthood Chapter 3: Transition and physical development 3

Inherited and environmental influences (61)  Inherited influences- ‘factors attributed to an individual’s genetic composition, transmitted from generation to generation’  1. What are genes made up of?  2. What does the DNA code control?  3. What sex chromosomes do males have?  4. What sex chromosomes do females have?  5. During the formation of the ova and sperm what does the special type of cell division create? Figure 3.9-P. 61

Inherited and environmental influences

Sex chromosomes

Science’s tall story: it’s all in the genes  Page 62  1. What did the researchers discover?  2. Where does the height difference between men and woman come from?  3. What are the genes supposedly responsible for height in males?  4. What is one theory relating to men developing osteoporosis?

Genes, the environment and puberty  Read 63  Discuss

Skill builder 3.3  Page  Questions 1-4

Review  Page 64  Questions 1-16

Food intake  Increased demand in nutritional uptake during the transition to adulthood  Energy requirements differ for individual growth rates and activity levels  Energy is essential for the development of new tissue that includes bone, muscle and fat during growth  Peak bone mass is achieved (calcium,exercise, vitamin D)- delay osteoporosis  Iron is important due to generating haemoglobin in the red blood cells and myoglobin in the muscles

Food intake- read page List some of the health problems linked to inappropriate food intake? 2. What are some dietary guidelines for young people? 3. What are some foods that young people consume that ignore nutritional value? 4. Skipping breakfast can lead to what sort of problems?

Interest box 3.1- Iron deficiency (65-66) 1. What condition can iron deficiency lead to? 2. What occurs during this condition? 3. What are some common signs of iron deficiency? 4. What groups are most at risk of developing iron deficiency? 5. List 3 types of food which will help you get enough iron in your diet? 6. What are the two types of irons in foods? 7. Why can athletes be at risk of iron deficiency?

Activity 3.8 Daily Food Consumption  Page  Question 1-7

Food website  List food they have taken in the last 24 hours  Iron?  Calcium?  Saturated fat?  collect a sample one-day food intake and use a software package such as Food Scan or Food Works (see Resources) to evaluate its nutritional adequacy, discussing the short- and long-term consequences on health and development if this one-day food intake was to be eaten on a regular basis

Physical activity  Research shows that physical activity can decrease the risk of medical complications such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, colon cancer, bone disease, mental illness and obesity  Evidence suggest that physical activity is declining among young people

Physical activity

Activity 3.9- Levels of exercise- p. 69  Questions 1-3

Physical activity  conduct a survey of male and female students in your school to determine the types of physical activity undertaken and the number of hours spent on physical activity each week; graph class data using Excel; analyse results, outlining reasons for the similarities and differences and the short- and long-term impact on youth health and development

Activity 3.10: Links between watching television and growth- p  Questions 1-4

Handout- Food

Body weight  ‘An index that expresses adult weight in relation to height’ BMI= weight (kg) height (m) 2  Acceptable: below 25 kg/m 2  Overweight: kg/m 2  Obese: over 30 kg/m 2  Does not take into account that muscles weigh more then fat therefore a muscular person may seem to be overweight

Body weight  Being overweight is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, breast cancer and degenerative joint disease  Risk factors for being overweight are heredity, lack of physical activity and unnecessary food intake  Being underweight can result in growth failure, nutritional deficiencies, delayed puberty and irregular menstrual cycles  Risk factors for being underweight include restrictive diets, excessive exercise and eating disorders such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa

Am I overweight?

Review- p.71  Question 1-7

Looking back  Page 72  Question 2

Handout: Transition to Adulthood 2