Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – 0513 PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Advantages Access from public areas Practical, low costs and time saving Applications Detection of disturbing loads Statistical Control of Supply Quality Objective Measuring voltage disturbances referred to industrial frequency value, such as flicker, harmonics, sags

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Measuring an electric field between two electrodes. It is similar to a capacitive voltage divider where the HV capacitor has been replaced by a parasitic one. Principle used in HV Labs Where: u(t) = Potential to be determined [V]. u m (t) = Potential measured with the EFS [V]. G V = Voltage gain between the output of the electric field sensor and the measurement equipment [V/V]. k E = EFS transduction constant = [m]. k G = Geometric constant of physical installation [1/m]. For measuring perturbations - referred to the fundamental frequency voltage – It is only necessary to reproduce the waveshape. Due to this it is not necessary to know the constants G V, k E, k G, being enough to verify the linearity and the independence of the frequency.

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS b ac One channel EFS measurement reproduces + and – sequence but not 0 hseqV3ΦVm Solving equations, the mathematic result is: Testing the circuit, the result is:

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS HV Lab experiences and contrast Flicker and harmonics were applied to a HV installation using a LV/HV transformer excited with an electronic power generator. IEC meters were used Frequency Response. The transducer is installed inside a parallel plate capacitor. LV tracking generator Measurement system EFS + recording equipment meet error  5 %, IEC Flicker standard and Class I IEC Harmonics standard.

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Field measurements Flicker comparison: HV with EFS v s LV conventional Flicker in Bragado LV conventional measurements Flicker HV with EFS v s LV conventional Subtransmission area explored

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Field measurements Localizing flicker Sources

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS 1.Flicker measurements in overhead lines with the EFS are feasible to perform in compliance with required uncertainties, according to International Standards. 2. The following steps shall be carried out to find the geographic location of the prevailing Flicker source:  Perform measurements with an EFS in different nodes of the power system – keeping one conventional Flicker measurement in a reference place –.  Obtain the topology and the electrical data of the power system to be inspected, and determine (by manual calculations or by computer simulations) the effects of a predominant Flicker source in different nodes of the power system.  Correlate both results and determine the geographic location of the predominant Flicker source. Localizing flicker Sources Summary

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Harmonic measurements Results obtained with the same EFS, during flicker measurements Saladillo node was over the 5th harmonic limit Chacabuco node should be checked longer The other nodes are within the limits The results for the 3 rd harmonic and its multiples should be considered only as indicative

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS  It is a practical way to measure harmonics, flicker and other perturbations related to industrial frequency voltage, in compliance with IEC rules under 1Φ/3Φ grids (+,- seq, not 0)  It can be used as a powerful tool for finding disturbing loads along aerial transmission / distribution grids by accessing from public areas  It is a useful tool for statistical inspection of PQ in widespread electrical systems  The EFS based measurement method is particularly useful where both cost and physical location drawbacks cannot be addressed Remarks

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS [1] M.Del Pozo, D.Esteban, P.Issouribehere, G.Barbera (IITREE FI-UNLP) A. Funes, A. Ledezma (YACYLEC), 2010, "Field measurements and modelling of high frequency transients during disconnect switch operations in EHV Substations. Assessment of their effects on Current Transformers", International Congress of CIGRE (Conseil International des Grands Réseaux Electriques). Paper: A3_207_2010. Paris, France, Ag [2]G. Casas, P. Issouribehere “Aplicación de un medidor de campo eléctrico como transductor para mediciones de perturbaciones en redes”. II ERLAC CIGRE CE 36. Puerto Iguazú, Argentina, junio [3]ENRE (Argentina) Resoluciones 184/00: “Base Metodológica para el Control de la Calidad del Producto Técnico. Etapa 2” y ENRE 99/97: “Base Metodológica para el Control de la Emisión de Perturbaciones. Producto Técnico - Etapa 2” [……….]IEC EMC Standards References

Frankfurt (Germany), 6-9 June 2011 ISSOURIBEHERE – Argentina – RIF Session 2 – PERTURBATION MEASUREMENTS ON OVERHEAD NETWORKS USING ELECTRIC FIELD SENSORS Instituto de Investigaciones Tecnológicas para Redes y Equipos Eléctricos IITREE-LAT) FACULTAD DE INGENIERÍA - UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE LA PLATA - ARGENTINA Daniel Esteban, Fernando Issouribehere, Pedro Issouribehere