Referencing Sandra Charles February 2007

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Presentation transcript:

Referencing Sandra Charles (s.charles@dundee.ac.uk) February 2007

What is referencing? An important process of acknowledging another person’s ideas used in constructing essays or reports The main purpose of referencing is to help the reader to locate and check the source, if required.

Referencing Styles Applied Computing students use the Harvard System of Referencing or APA (American Psychological Association)

Terms used in referencing The citation The reference The bibliography

Citations using Harvard Writing can be a playful and creative activity (Bolton 2005). Bolton (2005) suggests that writing can be a creative and playful activity. A direct quote includes page number(s), e.g. “Career development starts with an assessment of where you are and then determining where you want to be” (Turner 2007 p.34).

More citations If you use more than one reference for an idea in your essay, list these using semi-colons. For example… There are many definitions in the literature of reflection, most however agree that it is an active, conscious process (Dewey 1933; Boud 1985; Schon 1987; Reid 1993).

Differences between Harvard and APA citation Harvard: (Handy 1995) APA: (Handy, 1995) Harvard: (Sherman and Judkins 1995) APA: (Sherman &Judkins, 1995) Harvard: (Saunders et al. 2003) APA: (Saunders, Lewis & Thornhill, 2003)

What does a Harvard reference list look like? How-to-Study.com (n.d.) A strategy for reading textbooks. How-to-Study.com. http://www.how-to-study.com/pqr.htm (Accessed on 13.10.06). McMillan, K. and Weyers, J. (2006). The smarter student: skills and strategies for success at university. Harlow: Pearson. Yang, Z. and Liu, Q. (2007) Research and development of web-based virtual online classroom. Computers & Education, 48(2), pp. 171-184.

Referencing a book – different conventions Books by single authors Books by several authors Books with editors rather than authors Books written by organisations rather than people (‘corporate authors’) Books with chapters written by different people

Books by one author (Harvard) The Template Surname of author, Initial(s). (Date) Book title. Edition. Place: Publisher. Example Yate, M. J. (2005) Great answers to tough interview questions. 6th ed. London: Kogan Page.

Books by two or three authors Other references for books Books by two or three authors Cantoni, L. and Tardini, S. (2006) Internet. Abingdon: Routledge. [citation: (Cantoni and Tardini 2006)] Books by four or more authors Turban, E., Rainer, R. K., Potter, R. E. and Other, A. N.(2005) Introduction to information technology. Hoboken: Wiley. [citation: (Turban et al. 2005)]

More book references Books with editors Fishwick, P. (ed.) (2006) Aesthetic computing. London: MIT Press. Chapters or articles in an edited book Chapman, G. Taming the computer. In M. Dery (1994) Flame Wars. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.

Referencing an article Two main types of reference: Articles from journals or periodicals Articles from newspapers

Articles in a journal Template Example Author, Initial(s). (Date) Title of article. Journal title, Volume number (part number), page numbers. Example Kay, R. (2006) Addressing gender differences in computer ability, attitudes and use: the laptop effect. Journal of Educational Computing Research, Vol 34(2), 187-211.

Articles in a newspaper Template Date. Title of article. Newspaper name, page number. Example 8th February 2007. Students rally over cuts at university. Dundee Courier, 10.

Referencing websites Template Example Author surname, Initial. Title of article. Available: url date accessed Example Sloman, A. Why computing education has failed and how to fix it. Available: http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/research/projects/cogaff/misc/compedu.html 14/02/07

Useful online resources Advance at Dundee (for Harvard) http://www.dundee.ac.uk/advancedundee/ Learn Higher - Referencing http://www.learnhigher.org.uk/site/index.php Purdue University (for APA) http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/560/01/