The 7 Principles of Government What does it all mean?!

McCulloch v. Maryland – Maryland tried to tax a branch of the national bank in its state; expressed federal power over the states Sharing of power between the national government and the state and local government Federalism Local State National

People elect representatives to run the government Great Compromise – compromise of large and small states on representation in Congress during Constitutional Convention; compromise of New Jersey Plan and Virginia Plan; in House of Representatives, representation was based on population; in Senate, representation was based on equality (2 per state); created a bicameral legislature People elect representatives to run the government Republicanism

Legislative Branch passes a bill Executive branch can either sign the bill into law or veto the bill Legislative branch may override a veto Supreme Court may rule a law unconstitutional System that allows one branch of the governments to limit the power of the others Checks and Balances

Division of power in the government into three branches Legislative Branch makes the laws Executive Branch enforces the laws Judicial Branch interprets the laws Division of power in the government into three branches Separation of powers

Authority in the government is given by the consent of the people Bleeding Kansas; state violently divided over slavery issue; issue settled by local votes Authority in the government is given by the consent of the people Popular sovereignty

Rights guaranteed to citizens in the Bill of Rights Henry David Thoreau – author and abolitionist who wrote about civil disobedience; Walden Susan B. Anthony – promoted voting rights for women Elizabeth Cady Stanton – promoted voting rights for women; Declaration of Sentiments; Seneca Falls Convention Rights guaranteed to citizens in the Bill of Rights Individual Rights

The power of the government is restricted by law; everyone must follow the same rules Marbury v. Madison – case of midnight judges appointed by Adams; established the principle of judicial review which granted the Supreme Court the right to rule actions as constitutional or not Limited Government

The Federal System What it is, How it works. Texas and Federalism The Federal System What it is, How it works.

definition Federalism a political system in which several states or regions defer some powers, (e.g. in foreign affairs), to a central government while retaining a limited measure of self-government

What it means Texas is part of a Federal system That means Texas is part of the USA It is no longer a separate entity

State equality Texas is legally equal to the other 50 states It can create state laws that affect everyone within the state only

What the states can do Create laws regarding marriage and property Create School districts and curriculum Set minimum ages for: Drivers licenses Getting married

What the states cannot do Coin or create their own money Create state laws that violate constitutionally protected civil rights Create international Trade/commerce agreements Declare war – (only U.S. Congress can do that)

However, the USA has final legal authority over all of the states. Legal authority is established by the U.S. Constitution and Federal Laws This includes supervisory control over state/local law enforcement.

National Guard States have a national guard It is illegal for the president to “call out the guard” It may only be called out by the state governor This protects citizens from standing federal armies being used as harassment

National Guard However- The guard may be federalized - and temporarily absorbed into the U. S. Army during wartime (such as the current wars in Afghanistan and Iraq). A state governor may refuse…. But that is frowned upon during wartime.