Church History and Patrology CH_Pat_1: 1 st Century; Foundation of the Church CH_Pat_1: 1 st Century; Foundation of the Church CH_Pat_2: 1 st Century;

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Church History and Patrology CH_Pat_1: 1 st Century; Foundation of the Church CH_Pat_1: 1 st Century; Foundation of the Church CH_Pat_2: 1 st Century; Examples of the Apostolic Fathers CH_Pat_2: 1 st Century; Examples of the Apostolic Fathers CH_Pat_3: 1 st Century; Heresies and Martyrdom CH_Pat_3: 1 st Century; Heresies and Martyrdom CH_Pat_4: 2 nd and 3 rd Centuries; Anti-Nicene Fathers CH_Pat_4: 2 nd and 3 rd Centuries; Anti-Nicene Fathers CH_Pat_5: 2 nd and 3 rd Centuries; Anti-Nicene Fathers of the School of Alexandria CH_Pat_5: 2 nd and 3 rd Centuries; Anti-Nicene Fathers of the School of Alexandria CH_Pat_6: 4 th Century; 1 st Ecumenical Council (Nicaea) CH_Pat_6: 4 th Century; 1 st Ecumenical Council (Nicaea) CH_Pat_7: 4 th Century; 2 nd Ecumenical Council (Constantinople)

The Church in the 4th Century Part 1: The 2 nd Ecumenical Council (Constantinople at 381 AD)

L6: The Church in the 4th Century Part 2: The Council of Constantinople The Council Macedonian Heresy Apollinarius Heresy Sabellius Heresy The Outcome of the Council

The Council 1)Called by Emperor Theodosius I at 381 AD 2)Attended by 150 bishops; the main figures: Pope Timothy of Alexandria (from 378 AD)Pope Timothy of Alexandria (from 378 AD) Pope Meletius of Antioch (from 360 AD)Pope Meletius of Antioch (from 360 AD) St. Gregory of Nazzianzus (theologian); Archbishop of Constantinople (379 AD)St. Gregory of Nazzianzus (theologian); Archbishop of Constantinople (379 AD) St. Nectarius Archbishop of Constantinople (397 AD)St. Nectarius Archbishop of Constantinople (397 AD) St. Gregory of Nyssa bishop of Nyssa in Turkey (372 AD)St. Gregory of Nyssa bishop of Nyssa in Turkey (372 AD)

Macedonian Heresy 1)By Macedonius I bishop of Constantinople 2) The Heresy: The Holy Spirit was a creation of the Son and a servant of the Father and the SonThe Holy Spirit was a creation of the Son and a servant of the Father and the Son God the Son was of “similar substance” to the God the Father, but not of the “same essence”God the Son was of “similar substance” to the God the Father, but not of the “same essence” 3) The Defense: St. Athanasius => Letters to SerapionSt. Athanasius => Letters to Serapion St. Basil the Great => On the Holy SpiritSt. Basil the Great => On the Holy Spirit The council added to the creed from Nicaea starting from “Yes, we believe in the Holy Spirit”The council added to the creed from Nicaea starting from “Yes, we believe in the Holy Spirit”

Apollinarius Heresy 1)By Apollinarius bishop of Laodicea (Syria) 2) The Heresy: Christ had a human body and soul but the Divine Lagos replaced the human mind => crucifixion of Divinity!!!Christ had a human body and soul but the Divine Lagos replaced the human mind => crucifixion of Divinity!!! Thus Christ was considered not a perfect Man and hence not a complete RedeemerThus Christ was considered not a perfect Man and hence not a complete Redeemer The heresy, also, believed of difference among the Hypostasis of the TrinityThe heresy, also, believed of difference among the Hypostasis of the Trinity 3) The Defense: The incarnation of Christ means the assumption of the “entire” human nature w/o the sinThe incarnation of Christ means the assumption of the “entire” human nature w/o the sin

Sabellius Heresy 1)By Sabellius; a theologian and priest from Libya and taught in Rome 2) The Heresy: States that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are different “modes” or “aspects” of one GodStates that the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit are different “modes” or “aspects” of one God 3) The Defense: God is one with a distinction between the Hypostasis (Person) and nature => 3 distinct Hypostasis (Persons) who share one Godhead (Divinity)God is one with a distinction between the Hypostasis (Person) and nature => 3 distinct Hypostasis (Persons) who share one Godhead (Divinity)

Outcome of the Council a)The Holy Spirit is God b)Christ God Incarnate assumed the entire human nature w/o the sin c)The Hypostasis of the Trinity are equal and distinct but share the same Godhead d)Seven canons, four are doctrinal and three are disciplinary