The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

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The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century

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Presentation transcript:

The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century 3/28/2017 Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg Curt-Engelhorn Chair in American History Prof. Dr. Manfred Berg Winter Term 2008/2009 The Reluctant Empire? U.S. Foreign Relations in the 20th Century Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg 1 1 1 1 1

Empire by Invitation? The U.S. and Western Europe The American Reconstruction of Europe The Americanization of European Culture Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Europe in 1945 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

George C. Marshall, 1880-1959 US Army General, Chief of Staff, 1939-1945 US Sec. of State, 1947-1949 US Sec. of Defense, 1950-1951 Nobel Peace Prize Winner, 1953 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Marshall Plan, 1948 - 1951 $12.5 billion (about $100 billion in today‘s currency) Goals: Increase of production Expansion of trade Financial stability European economic cooperation Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Marshall Plan, 1948 - 1951 United Kingdom: $2.9 billion France: $2.6 billion West Germany: $1.3 billion Italy: $1.3 billion Total of $12.5 billion equals 1.2 percent of U.S. GNP during 1948 to 1951. Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Jean Monnet, 1888-1979 Deputy General of the League of Nations, 1919-1923 President of the European Coal and Steel Community (ECSC), 1952-1955 Founder of the Action Committee for a United States of Europe, 1955 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

U.S. and European Integration Strong pillar of containment Swift economic recovery Avoid future wars Solution to the German problem Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Charles de Gaulle, 1890-1970 Led the Forces Françaises Libres (free french forces) during WWII Chairman of the Provisional Government of France, 1944-1946 President of France, 1959-1969 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

John F. Kennedy in Berlin, 1963 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Coca Colonization? Coke ad, 1952 Coke ad, 1955 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Amerika Houses The first Amerika Haus in Heidelberg was located on Uni-Platz in the 1940s Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Cultural Diplomacy United States Information Agency Voice of America Radio Free Europe Fulbright Program Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

GIs in Europe Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Hollywood in Europe Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Elvis Presley, 1935-1977 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Student Protest in Europe Rudi Dutschke leads students in protest Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Angela Davis, b. 1944 Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg

Anti-Americanism? Criticism of U.S. foreign policy? Criticism of specific aspects of American society and culture? Fundamental rejection of Western liberalism and democracy? Historisches Seminar der Universität Heidelberg