BASIC MACRO RELATIONSHIPS
DI= Consumption + Savings Factors that Determine C/S DI As DI declines---S declines 45 degree reference line C=DI Savings=amount by which actual C falls short of 45 degree line
Consumption Saving o o 45 o C S Consumption schedule Saving schedule C S Disposable Income SAVING DISSAVING MPC = Slope of C MPS = Slope of S MPC + MPS = 1 CONSUMPTION AND SAVING
Non-Income Determinants of C & S 1. Wealth Amount of all assets owned Equity Real assets vs. financial assets Usually—if wealth increases C moves up; S down
Non-Income Determinants of C & S 2. Expectations Expect recession---- C decreases; S increases Expect prices to rise tomorrow--- C increases; S decreases
Non-Income Determinants of C & S 3. Real interest rates Adjusted for Inflation i decreases then borrowing increases i increases then borrowing decreases If you borrow more---Consume more— save less At low interest rates—less incentive to save—Why?
Non-Income Determinants of C & S 4. Household debt As % of DI Held constant when drawing C schedule If consumers increase debt---increase C more at each level BUT “No Free Lunch” Short term- C increases Long term- C decreases 5. Taxes Shift both C and S
Consumption Saving o o 45 o C0C0 S0S0 Disposable Income C1C1 S1S1 TERMINOLOGY, SHIFTS, & STABILITY Increases in Consumption Means… A Decrease In Saving
Consumption Saving o o 45 o C0C0 S0S0 Disposable Income C2C2 S2S2 TERMINOLOGY, SHIFTS, & STABILITY Decreases in Consumption Means… An Increase In Saving