Ethics of Genetic Engineering Technological Advance Could We? Should We? National DNA registry Prenatal phenotype diagnosis Prenatal disorder correction Non-medical enhancement Transgenic crops Transgenic humans Rate from 1 (no) to 5 (yes) for these potential advances Describe one pro and one con for each advance.

Transgenic Organisms

Difficulties with DNA 1. 1.There are often thousands of genes on a DNA molecule Electrophoresis 2. 2.One cell normally provides too little material for study Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Gene cloning

Restriction Enzymes Bacterial defense against viral DNABacterial defense against viral DNA Excise DNA at specific sequencesExcise DNA at specific sequences CCTTTG AATTCCCAGAATC GGAAACTTAA GGGTCTTAG AATTCGGCCATATACG GCCGGTATATGCTTAA Desired Gene Target Sites for EcoRI

Electrophoresis Separation of molecules based on sizeSeparation of molecules based on size Negatively charged DNA molecules are pulled through a gel by an electrical fieldNegatively charged DNA molecules are pulled through a gel by an electrical field Smaller molecules travel faster and fartherSmaller molecules travel faster and farther

Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphisms (RFLP’s)AAGAATTCCCTGATCCATATATATATATCGGATCTAGAATTCTTCTTAAGGGACTAGGTATATATATATAGCCTAGATCTTAACAAGAATTCCCTGATCCATATATCGGATCTAGAATTCTTCTTAAGGGACTAGGTATATAGCCTAGATCTTAAC Variations in DNA Variations in fragment sizes Variations in electrophoresis bands

Cujo Jordan Poop

Restriction Mapping (kilobases) Uncut plasmid Cut with EcoRI Cut with BamH3 Cut with Both DNA Marker

Gene Cloning

Using Radioactive Probes Each well contains a sample An impression is made Radioactive probes applied Probe is complementary to desired gene Adhered probe leaves dot on radiosensitive film

Intron Elimination Intron Complementary DNA (cDNA) Eukaryotic mRNA

Polymerase Chain Reaction In vitro amplification of a select length of DNAIn vitro amplification of a select length of DNA Denaturation Priming Elongation Desired Gene

Organismal Cloning

Stem Cells