By: FAASTeam Federal Aviation Administration Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO)

Federal Aviation Administration 2 Land and Hold Short Operations IMPLEMENTATION On April 11, 1997, the FAA expanded and replaced, Simultaneous Operations on Intersecting Runways (SOIR) with LAHSO. (Order ) The LAHSO procedures presented in this program became effective on August 14, 2000.

Federal Aviation Administration 3 Land and Hold Short Operations BACKGROUND Notice sets standards for : LAHSO intersecting runway LAHSO intersecting taxiway LAHSO approach/departure flight path LAHSO of a pre-determined point

Federal Aviation Administration 4 Land and Hold Short Operations Purpose Establishes air traffic control procedures to increase airport capacity without compromising safety.

Federal Aviation Administration 5 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Land and Hold Short Operations: The practice of conducting simultaneous operations on two intersecting runways, LAHSO includes landing operations to hold short of an intersecting runway, taxiway, predetermined point, or an approach or departure path. (LAHSO)

Federal Aviation Administration 6 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Available Landing Distance: (ALD) That portion of the runway available for landing and rollout. The distance is measured from the landing threshold to the hold-short point.

Federal Aviation Administration 7 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCE: The FAA approved AFM/POH distance over a 50 foot obstacle for the configuration, environment, and weight plus 1000 feet.

Federal Aviation Administration 8 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Dry Runway: A dry runway has no visible moisture on the runway surface, to include standing water, ice, snow, slush, or frost in any form.

Federal Aviation Administration 9 Land and Hold Short Operations Definitions Hold short point: A point on the runway beyond which a landing aircraft with a LAHSO clearance is not authorized to proceed.

Federal Aviation Administration 10 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Land and Hold Short Lights: Six or seven in-pavement, pulsing white lights at the LAHSO hold short point.

Federal Aviation Administration 11 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Vertical Guidance Precision Approach Path Indicator (PAPI) Visual Approach Slope Indicator (VASI)

Federal Aviation Administration 12 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Rejected Landing: A rejected landing is when the pilot in command elects to go around.

Federal Aviation Administration 13 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Rejected Landing Procedure (RLP) A published, predetermined heading to be used in the event of a rejected landing.

Federal Aviation Administration 14 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Mixed Operations: LAHSO conducted between an air carrier and any other type of aircraft operation.

Federal Aviation Administration 15 Land and Hold Short Operations DEFINITIONS Stabilized Approach Concept: This concept is based on the pilots ability to maintain a stable speed, descent rate, vertical flight path, and aircraft configuration during the final approach.

Federal Aviation Administration 16 Land and Hold Short Operations GA SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS Student pilots conducting solo operations shall not participate in LAHSO. Experimental aircraft for which no certificated landing data is available shall not participate in LAHSO.

Federal Aviation Administration 17 Land and Hold Short Operations GA WEATHER MINIMUMS Only on dry runways Ceiling of no less than 1000 feet visibility of no less than 3 statute miles Not authorized if windshear has been reported within the previous 20 minutes No LAHSO with a tailwind No inoperative equipment

Federal Aviation Administration 18 Land and Hold Short Operations PLANNING PREFLIGHT - PIC shall become familiar with LAHSO information for each airport of intended landing (14 CFR ) INFLIGHT – PIC shall determine LAHSO capability as soon as possible after notification

Federal Aviation Administration 19 Land and Hold Short Operations PLANNING When ATIS is acknowledged, PIC will advise ATC if LAHSO cannot be accepted. A LAHSO clearance shall not be accepted if issued after the aircraft has descended below 1000’ AGL on final.

Federal Aviation Administration 20 Land and Hold Short Operations PLANNING The PIC has the final authority to accept or decline any Land and Hold Short clearance. The safety and operation of the aircraft remain the responsibility of the pilot. The PIC is expected to decline a LAHSO clearance if he determines it will comprise safety.

Federal Aviation Administration 21 Land and Hold Short Operations ATIS NOTIFICATION Possible announcements: LAHSO in effect, or Expect landing on Runway 22 to hold short of Runway 27 ALD for the LAHSO

Federal Aviation Administration 22 Land and Hold Short Operations REQUIRED LANDING DISTANCES The PIC is responsible for determining the required distance for LAHSO and that it does not exceed the ALD. The landing distance will be the FAA approved AFM/POH landing distance over a 50’ obstacle, plus 1000 feet for the configuration, environment, and actual weight.

Federal Aviation Administration 23 Land and Hold Short Operations MINIMUM DISTANCES The minimum distance required to conduct LAHSO will be 2,500 feet of the ALD on the Hold short runway. The distance will be measured from the landing threshold to the hold short point.

Federal Aviation Administration 24 Land and Hold Short Operations VISUAL AIDS Runway hold short position markings shall be installed. Runway hold short position signs shall be installed at each point and located on both sides of the runway. During mixed operations when full runway lengths will be available, in-pavement hold short lights will be ON.

Federal Aviation Administration 25 Land and Hold Short Operations VERTICAL GUIDANCE Air carrier and or mixed LAHSO are only authorized on a runway that has electronic or visual glide slope indicator. Nighttime LAHSO may only be conducted with visual glide slope indicator.

Federal Aviation Administration 26 Land and Hold Short Operations REJECTED LANDINGS Once accepted, a LAHSO clearance must be complied with, unless the PIC determines the need for a rejected landing. In the event of a rejected landing, the pilot should maintain safe separation from other aircraft and should promptly notify ATC.

Federal Aviation Administration 27 Land and Hold Short Operations REJECTED LANDING Must be initiated within the first third of the ALD or 3,000 feet whichever is less. Heading and/or altitude assignments must be flown as published until directed otherwise by ATC

Federal Aviation Administration 28 Land and Hold Short Operations TRAINING Review pertinent sections of the AIM. Attendance at FAA or industry seminar that include LAHSO. Successful completion of a flight review that includes LAHSO procedures. Successful completion of a flight instructor refresher clinic that includes LAHSO.

Federal Aviation Administration 29 Land and Hold Short Operations Questions

Federal Aviation Administration 30 Land and Hold Short Operations 1. True or False: The Purpose of Land and Hold Short Operations (LAHSO) is to increase airport capacity by allowing simultaneous operations on intersecting runways. True

Federal Aviation Administration 31 Land and Hold Short Operations 2. When ATC issues a LAHSO clearance: A. The pilot is required to accept the clearance. B. The pilot can decline the clearance regardless of circumstances. C. The pilot can decline the clearance only under certain circumstances outlined in the AIM. Answer: B

Federal Aviation Administration 32 Land and Hold Short Operations 3. True or False: The available landing distance is listed in the Airport/Facility Directory (AFD) for all airport that have LAHSO operations. True

Federal Aviation Administration 33 Land and Hold Short Operations 4. True or false: The ALD is calculated on pilots flying the VASI or glide slope to the touchdown point. False

Federal Aviation Administration 34 Land and Hold Short Operations 5.The ALD is calculated on the following factors: a. Distance from the threshold to the hold short point. b. Distance from the VASI touchdown point to the hold short point. c. Distance from the threshold to the intersecting runway. Answer a

Federal Aviation Administration 35 Land and Hold Short Operations 6. Although ATC will tell you the distance to the intersection, you must calculate your landing distance based on: a. Temperature b. Wind c. Elevation d. Speed e. All of the above Answer e

Federal Aviation Administration 36 Land and Hold Short Operations 7. True of false: LAHSO clearances will not be issued if there is a potential for wake turbulence. False

Federal Aviation Administration 37 Land and Hold Short Operations 8. True or False: LAHSO operations will be suspended for 20 minutes if wind shear is reported. True

Federal Aviation Administration 38 Land and Hold Short Operations 9. Be cautious of accepting a LAHSO clearance if: a. There is a possibility of wake encounter. b. Thunderstorms are in the vicinity. c. The runway has a displaced threshold. d. All of the above. Answer d

Federal Aviation Administration 39 Land and Hold Short Operations 10. True or False: Go-arounds are prohibited during LAHSO. False

Federal Aviation Administration 40 Land and Hold Short Operations REMEMBER Safety is a learned behavior Learn to be safe