Development

Objectives How do we physically change throughout our lives? Understand the stages of physical development before we are born Recognize variables that influence prenatal development Understand physical development during infancy Understand physical development as we age

Physical Development 1. Germinal Period: conception (egg + sperm = zygote) to uterine implantation Embryonic Period: uterine implantation through the 8th week 3. Fetal Period: 8th week until birth (organs dev)

Early Physical Development Teratogen Brain development Neurons – 150,000/minute 1 st 12 weeks Synaptic pruning – 1 st 3 years & puberty Myelination Critical periods Motor development Senses Hearing Vision

Later Physical Development Puberty Menopause Male climacteric / andropause Sensory decline

Objectives How do we cognitively change throughout our lives? What influences emotional development? Understand Piaget’s theories and the stages of cognitive development Understand attachment theory and its influence over the lifespan

Cognitive Development Schema: how things work Assimilation: judge using my schema Accommodation: change my schema Example: Schema: Friends don’t lie to each other. Situation: This person lied to me.  Assimilation: The person who lied to me isn’t my friend.  Accommodation: Sometimes friends lie to protect each other.

Cognitive Development Ex. A child who is unfamiliar with exotic animals sees a zebra and calls it a horse. Ex. A child thinks that dogs are animals who live with people as pets. The child sees an animal that looks like a dog but works with the police. Ex. A child sees a man who is bald on top of his head and has long frizzy hair on the sides and shouts “Clown, clown.”

Piaget’s Cognitive Stages

Attachment Emotional bond between infant and caregiver Strengthened by physical contact, responding to needs, attention

Attachment over the lifespan Attachment as judgment of: 1) whether self is worthy of care 2) others will provide and meet emotional needs + self view, + other view = secure - other view = avoidant (dismissing, fearful) - self view, + other view = preoccupied (ambivalent/anxious)

Objectives What kind of decisions and experiences shape us as adults? What are the different parenting styles and what are their consequences? How do we approach our own and others’ deaths?

Parenting How is parenting style related to 1) personality 2) personal experience being parented 3) interactions with specific children? Which one of these is most influential, or, is something else involved?

Parenting Styles Authoritarian Authoritative Permissive Neglectful Indulgent Outcomes Child-to-parent effects School, work, goals

Death Stages of Death Denial Anger Bargaining Depression Acceptance

Activity Experience with death

Grief Stages of Grief Numbness Yearning Disorganization/despair Resolution/reorganization