© Oxford University Press, 2008. All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 LANDSCAPES, SEDIMENTS, AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT.

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© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 CHAPTER 9 LANDSCAPES, SEDIMENTS, AND SOIL DEVELOPMENT

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 THE LITHOSPHERE AND THE LANDSCAPE Multi-lithology landscapes Landscape development – Davis’s theory of landscape evolution – The nine-unit land surface model Landscapes and the inheritance factor

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 CLIMATE AND LANDFORMS Arid landscapes Humid temperate landscapes Climate and time Landform combinations – physiographic regions

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 SOILS AND THEIR PROPERTIES Horizonation Soil texture – conventional size ranges Soil structure Organic matter in soils Soil colour Soil permeability Soil pH

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 SOIL-FORMING FACTORS Jenny’s equation Parent material Climate Organisms Relief (topography) Time

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 SOIL-FORMING PROCESSES Additions Losses Transfers Transformations

© Oxford University Press, All rights reserved. 1 Chapter 9 DISTRIBUTION OF SOIL TYPES Classification systems in different countries Soils and landscapes in Australia – Ancient deeply weathered landscapes – Erosional landscapes – Fluvial landscapes – Aeolian landscapes – Carbonate-rich landscapes – Coastal landscapes – Alpine and subalpine landscapes Soil landscape mapping

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