Chapter 1 Really briefly!

What is Chemistry? A) The next thing you have to take to get an advanced diploma. A) The next thing you have to take to get an advanced diploma. B) A means of torturing children that should probably be outlawed. B) A means of torturing children that should probably be outlawed. C) A science that allows you to explain why things behave the way they do, and predict how they will behave in new situations you haven’t studied yet C) A science that allows you to explain why things behave the way they do, and predict how they will behave in new situations you haven’t studied yet

Textbook Hints Do NOT ignore the SAMPLE problems and PRACTICE problems in the book. Do NOT ignore the SAMPLE problems and PRACTICE problems in the book. These are golden! These are golden! Read and OUTLINE the main chapters! Read and OUTLINE the main chapters! Read the chapter MORE THAN ONCE if you don’t understand and to study!! Read the chapter MORE THAN ONCE if you don’t understand and to study!!

What in the world ISN’T Chemistry? Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter (the stuff things are made of) and the changes matter undergoes (during chemical reactions). Chemistry is the study of the composition of matter (the stuff things are made of) and the changes matter undergoes (during chemical reactions). Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (ie, has volume). Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space (ie, has volume).

Pure Chemistry Pure chemistry is chemistry done just for the sake of doing chemistry. Pure chemistry is chemistry done just for the sake of doing chemistry. New discoveries New discoveries Expanding knowledge Expanding knowledge Creating new compounds Creating new compounds Most scientists work at universities, like UVA Most scientists work at universities, like UVA May not have any practical benefit at all May not have any practical benefit at all

Applied Chemistry Applied chemistry is done for a specific purpose, and usually to make money. Applied chemistry is done for a specific purpose, and usually to make money. Formulating a new cancer drug Formulating a new cancer drug Creating a new “energy drink” Creating a new “energy drink” Scientists work for a company Scientists work for a company Must have practical benefits and potentially be worth a lot of money Must have practical benefits and potentially be worth a lot of money

Different Types of Chemistry There are 5 main branches of Chemisty There are 5 main branches of Chemisty Organic Organic Inorganic Inorganic Biochemistry Biochemistry Analytical     Analytical     Physical Physical

5 Branches Organic - just CARBON compounds Organic - just CARBON compounds Inorganic – everything else but carbon Inorganic – everything else but carbon Biochemistry – chemistry of living things Biochemistry – chemistry of living things Analytical – the kind of chemistry they do on CSI Analytical – the kind of chemistry they do on CSI Physical – hardest class I ever took in my LIFE; need Calculus to do this Chemistry! Physical – hardest class I ever took in my LIFE; need Calculus to do this Chemistry!

Scientific Method What are the steps? What are the steps? Observation Observation Hypothesis Hypothesis Experiment Experiment Observation help us form questions or problems to investigate. You may have to do some “research” in the library during this step. Observation help us form questions or problems to investigate. You may have to do some “research” in the library during this step. What is this scientist doing?

Definition of Hypothesis In middle school, it was just “an educated guess.” In middle school, it was just “an educated guess.” A hypothesis is that, BUT it must also be testable, so you can design an experiment to test it. A hypothesis is that, BUT it must also be testable, so you can design an experiment to test it. Try not to think of an incorrect hypothesis as a “failure.” It just means the experiment did something different than what you thought it was going to do. Try not to think of an incorrect hypothesis as a “failure.” It just means the experiment did something different than what you thought it was going to do.

Experiments AA97-47A5-91FA-3BF0B97789BF_5.jpg Experiments test the hypothesis Experiments test the hypothesis Experiments (and your results) must be reproducible. Experiments (and your results) must be reproducible. No matter who does them. No matter who does them. No matter how many times. No matter how many times. Teacher testing pH of various household substances. What does pH tell you? Anyone know?

Experiments Experiments test an independent variable against a dependent variable. Experiments test an independent variable against a dependent variable. You should have only one of each You should have only one of each All other variables should be controlled. All other variables should be controlled. There must be a relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Otherwise, your experiment isn’t well designed. There must be a relationship between the independent and dependent variable. Otherwise, your experiment isn’t well designed.

Analysis of Data & Conclusions Aren’t these steps in the scientific method? Aren’t these steps in the scientific method? Yes, they are. But they are part of the experiment. Yes, they are. But they are part of the experiment. If you don’t analyze the data and draw conclusions, how do you know what the experiment is telling you? If you don’t analyze the data and draw conclusions, how do you know what the experiment is telling you?

Scientific Theory A theory is a explanation of why experiments give certain results. A theory is a explanation of why experiments give certain results. Theories can never be proven. Theories can never be proven. Theories can always be proved wrong if new data is found! Theories can always be proved wrong if new data is found!

Scientific Laws law.gif&imgrefurl= _GTYUramZ0M:&tbnh=45&tbnw=143&prev=/images%3Fq%3Dscientific%2Blaw%2Bpictures&usg=__Dof9IDuPFoIlaoGQX7HmtK CNvmc=&ei=7k9fSqjiDpCEMoPf8b8C&sa=X&oi=image_result&resnum=1&ct=image A scientific law describes something but doesn’t explain it. A scientific law describes something but doesn’t explain it. Law of Gravity Law of Gravity Law of Conservation of Mass Law of Conservation of Mass Boyle’s Law Boyle’s Law