Cell Structure & Function Part 1

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Presentation transcript:

Cell Structure & Function Part 1

Objectives Describe the function of the cell membrane Describe the function of the major cell organelles

Cell Membrane All cells have a cell membrane Regulates what comes in & out of the cell (selectively permeable) Provides structure and support Made of a lipid bilayer which provides a strong flexible barrier

The phospholipid bilayer has carbohydrates AND proteins embedded within!

Membrane Proteins Some proteins are attached to the surfaces of the cell membrane Peripheral proteins are located on both the interior surface and exterior surface of the cell membrane Integral proteins are imbedded in the bilayer Fluid Mosaic Model.mov

Eukaryotic cell structure Made up of organelles or “little organs” Divided into 2 parts: nucleus & cytoplasm Between the cell membrane and the nucleus lies the cytoplasm (contains the organelles) The organelles are surrounded by a liquid called cytosol cytoplasm nucleus

Eukaryotic Cell Structure Like a Factory!

Mitochondria Powerhouse of the cell!

Mitochondria Converts food into compounds the cell uses The process of Cellular Respiration takes place in mitochondria (breaking down food to produce ATP) Mitochondria are from the egg cell, so thank your MOM!

Mitochondria… Surrounded by two membranes Smooth outer membrane Inner membrane- has many folds called cristae

Ribosomes Are made of RNA and protein Assemble proteins Protein assembly instruction comes from the nucleus Cells active in protein synthesis have many ribosomes

Endoplasmic reticulum Makes and exports proteins and lipids It’s like an assembly line or highway of the cell Rough ER makes proteins, so its covered in ribosomes! Smooth ER, involved in the synthesis of steroids in gland cells, regulation of calcium in muscle cells, and breakdown of toxins in liver cells

Customizes proteins made in ER Golgi Apparatus Modifies, sorts and packages Customizes proteins made in ER It’s like the shipping department or UPS

Lysosomes Clean up crew, remove junk! Digest or break down lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and old organelles Common in animal cells, rare in plant cells Filled with enzymes

Review Describe the function of the cell membrane Regulates what enters and leaves the cell and provides support and protection Describe the function of the major cell organelles Mitochondria- convert the chemical energy in food into compounds the cell can use (powerhouse of the cell) Ribosomes- assemble proteins

Review… Endoplasmic reticulum- makes and exports proteins and lipids Rough ER- makes proteins (covered by ribosomes) Smooth ER- makes enzymes, membrane lipids and detoxifies drugs Golgi apparatus- modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and other materials from the ER for storage in the cell or secretion outside the cell Lysosomes- digest things