Section 1 – Cells, tissues & organs

* 1) Name 3 types of tissue in humans. * 2) Name 1 type of tissue in plants * 3) For each can you name a particular specialised cell found in that tissue

* Today we will learn: * - the structure and function of a variety of cells in plants and animals * - why these specialised cells are suited to their particular functions * -

Head contains enzymes & nucleus Tail Designed to fertilise eggs. Found in the testes Can you think why these two features are important? SPECIALISED CELLS – ANIMALS SPERM CELLS

S PERM CELL The head contains enzymes which allow it to digest into an egg cell and join with it. Head contains enzymes & nucleus Tail Designed to Fertilise eggs. A sperm’s long tail provides movement so it can swim and find an egg cell. Found in the Testes

E GG (O VUM ) C ELL Designed to be fertilised Found in the ovaries Cytoplasm Egg membrane Nucleus

C ILIATED C ELL Designed to stop lung damage They line all the air passages in the lungs They have tiny hairs called cilia. Cilia sweep mucus with trapped dust and bacteria back up the throat.

R ED B LOOD C ELL Designed to carry oxygen Found in blood. Large surface area, for oxygen to pass through. Contains haemoglobin, which joins with oxygen. Has no nucleus

CHEEK EPITHELIAL CELL Have a flat, irregular shape Form layers which protect the skin surface

NEURONES - a type of nerve cell Have a long cytoplasm -insulated with myelin Transfer nerve signals

* Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different animal cells

TissueCell TypeStructureFunctionAppearance Blood Nerve Cheek epithelium Ciliated epithelium

TissueCell TypeStructureFunctionAppearance Bloodred blood cellsmall & biconcave transport of oxygen (rich in haemoglobin) Nerveneuronelong, insulated cytoplasm transfer of nerve impulses Cheek epithelium epithelialflat, irregular shape protection of mouth lining Ciliated epithelium ciliated‘hair-like’ cilia on surface sweeping away of dirty mucus

S PECIALISED CELLS - PLANTS Designed for photosynthesis - packed with chloroplasts Found near the top of a leaf Has a large surface area - to absorb water and minerals. Nucleus Chloroplasts P ALISADE M ESOPHYLL C ELL

R OOT H AIR C ELL Long extension for absorbing Thin cell wall makes it easy for minerals to pass through. Large surface area - helps absorb water and minerals. Found in a plant root. Vacuole Cell membrane thin cell wall

GUARD CELL Have a sausage shape Thick inner cell wall Can stretch to open a pore These pores are called stomata Stomata allow gases to enter/exit plants

XYLEM & PHLOEM Xylem are hollow vessels Lined with lignin Help transport water Phloem run alongside xylem They have companion cells - control the phloem Phloem transports sugar

* Complete the table on the handout sheet, by filling in the cell types, structures & functions of 4 different plant cells

TissueCell TypeStructureFunctionAppearance Epidermis Leaf Vein Root Mesophyll

TissueCell TypeStructureFunctionAppearance EpidermisGuard CellSausage shape. Thick inner cell wall Open and close stomata XylemHollow tube, strengthened with lignin Support and water transport RootRoot HairLong extensionAbsorption of water & minerals MesophyllPalisade Mesophyll Chloroplasts present. Columnar shape. Light absorption & photosynthesis

* You will now be given a set of cards with types of cells, and their functions and features * You are required to match the cards under the following headings PictureNameLocationStructural Feature(s)