Reproductive System Anatomy By Mrs. Bush

Introduction Both male and female reproductive systems have essential and accessory organs of reproduction

Common ground Genitalia – refers to the sexual structures of either gender Gonads – refer to the essential sexual organs of either gender (the parts that make the sex cells)

Male reproductive system Essential organs (gonads) of the male are the testes. The sex cells produced by the testes are sperm. The accessory organs are ducts, sex glands, and genitals.

Male reproductive system The testes are located in the scrotum. Do you know why? If you said because of the lower temperature, you’re right.

Male reproductive system The process of sperm production is SPERMATOGENESIS. In spermatogenesis, there are 3 steps. 1.Sperm precursor cells called spermatogonia are formed 2.Meiosis forms a primary spermatocyte, which forms four spermatids with 23 chromosomes each 3.Highly specialized cells called spermatozoa develop.

Male reproductive system Testosterone is a hormone produced by cells in the testes. This hormone “masculinizes” and promotes development of male accessory organs, and stimulates development of muscle growth.

Male reproductive system After sperm exit the testes, they are stored in a single coiled tube about 6 meters long called the EPIDIDYMIS where they mature and learn to swim!

Male reproductive system The VAS DEFERENS receives sperm from the epididymis and transports them from the scrotal sac through the abdominal cavity.

Male reproductive system There are sex glands that secrete fluid to make semen. Seminal vesicles secrete fluid that is rich in fructose to give the sperm energy to move. The prostate gland is shaped like a doughnut, located below the bladder, and the urethra runs through it. Cowper’s glands are small glands that secrete a small amount of mucus-like fluid.

Male reproductive system The urethra passes sperm, in the form of semen, to the exterior of the body. During intercourse the semen are deposited into the female vagina. Each milliliter of semen contains about 100 million sperm.

Female reproductive system The essential organs (gonads) of the female system are the ovaries, which produce the sex cells called ova. A single egg is an ovum. Accessory organs are ducts, sex glands, and genitals.

Female reproductive system There are two ovaries, each weighing about 3 grams. They are located in the pelvic cavity. Egg cell production is called OOGENESIS. Immature egg cells are called OOCYTES.

Female reproductive system Young women have about 400,000 egg cells called PRIMARY FOLLICLES at puberty. About mature follicles ovulate during a woman’s reproductive lifetime.

Female reproductive system In meiotic cell division, daughter cells are produced with equal chromosome numbers (23) but unequal cytoplasm. Ovum is large; the rest is a polar body which will degenerate

Female reproductive system Two hormones are produced by the ovaries: ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE

Female reproductive system Two hormones are produced by the ovaries: ESTROGEN and PROGESTERONE

Female reproductive system Estrogen causes development & maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. Progesterone stimulates secretory activity of uterine lining and assists estrogen in initiation of menses.

Female reproductive system Menses – the beginning of the female menstrual cycle where ovaries release egg cells (ovulation) and if no pregnancy occurs, the uterus will shed its lining Menopause – the end of the female reproductive lifetime

Female reproductive system The tubes where fertilization occurs are the uterine or Fallopian tubes. They transport the egg cell to the uterus, where, if it has been fertilized, the egg will implant into the uterine wall.

Female reproductive system The uterus holds a baby during pregnancy; sheds lining if pregnancy does not occur, & contracts during labor. During labor, the baby leaves the uterus through the vagina.

Female reproductive system The breasts, located over the pectoral muscles of the thorax, function during lactation.

To be continued… The next slide show and study guide will cover gestation, development, genetics and heredity. That will come next week!!!