History of Medicine

Dark & Middle Ages (400 AD – 1400 AD)  Custodial care with treatment by bleeding, herbs, & prayer  o Widespread tuberculosis and syphilis  Punctuated by epidemics  o Bubonic plague  o Smallpox  o Diphtheria  Custodial care with treatment by bleeding, herbs, & prayer  o Widespread tuberculosis and syphilis  Punctuated by epidemics  o Bubonic plague  o Smallpox  o Diphtheria

Renaissance ( AD) Building of Universities around common Libraries built from texts translated from Arabic back into Latin. Universities organized around seminaries and medical schools.  Re-emergence of science and the importance of publishing along with the invention of the printing press  The debate over dissection  Continuing epidemics Building of Universities around common Libraries built from texts translated from Arabic back into Latin. Universities organized around seminaries and medical schools.  Re-emergence of science and the importance of publishing along with the invention of the printing press  The debate over dissection  Continuing epidemics

16 th & 17 th Centuries ( AD)  Human anatomy accurately described by Leonardo da Vinci  Body circulation first described by William Harvey  Microscope invented by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek  Human anatomy accurately described by Leonardo da Vinci  Body circulation first described by William Harvey  Microscope invented by Antoine van Leeuwenhoek

18 th Century ( AD)  Change in medical teaching to include observation of patients and autopsies in addition to lectures and labs with dissections. Autopsies led to better understanding of causes of disease.  Stethoscope invented by Laennec  Joseph Priestly discovers oxygen and its role in respiration  Edward Jenner discovers vaccination as a method of prevention for smallpox  Change in medical teaching to include observation of patients and autopsies in addition to lectures and labs with dissections. Autopsies led to better understanding of causes of disease.  Stethoscope invented by Laennec  Joseph Priestly discovers oxygen and its role in respiration  Edward Jenner discovers vaccination as a method of prevention for smallpox

19 th Century ( AD)  Connection between disease of childbed fever and dirty hands established  Microorganisms linked to disease by Louis Pasteur, and the pasteurization process was introduced  Joseph Lister applied carbolic acid to kill germs in wounds – first antiseptic  Connection between disease of childbed fever and dirty hands established  Microorganisms linked to disease by Louis Pasteur, and the pasteurization process was introduced  Joseph Lister applied carbolic acid to kill germs in wounds – first antiseptic

 First sterile or asepsis environment for surgery developed by Ernst von Bergmann  Robert Koch, the father of microbiology, discovers many disease causing organisms and furthers the need for cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of contagious disease  x-rays discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, important diagnostic tool  First sterile or asepsis environment for surgery developed by Ernst von Bergmann  Robert Koch, the father of microbiology, discovers many disease causing organisms and furthers the need for cleanliness and sanitation in preventing the spread of contagious disease  x-rays discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen, important diagnostic tool

 Paul Ehrlich uses chemicals as medicines and discovers that chemicals are effective on some microorganisms but not others.  Sigmund Freud, father of modern psychology and psychiatry, established the connection between mind and body and established the presence of psychosomatic illness  Paul Ehrlich uses chemicals as medicines and discovers that chemicals are effective on some microorganisms but not others.  Sigmund Freud, father of modern psychology and psychiatry, established the connection between mind and body and established the presence of psychosomatic illness

 Sulfa compounds discovered to effectively kill many bacterias. Alexander Fleming found penicillin to work better.  Virus discovered  Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin develop a new but opposite methods of vaccination and effective immunizations for polio. These methods lead to immunizations for other diseases  Watson & Crick discover the molecular structure of DNA which opens the field for identification and treatment of inherited illnesses  Sulfa compounds discovered to effectively kill many bacterias. Alexander Fleming found penicillin to work better.  Virus discovered  Jonas Salk and Albert Sabin develop a new but opposite methods of vaccination and effective immunizations for polio. These methods lead to immunizations for other diseases  Watson & Crick discover the molecular structure of DNA which opens the field for identification and treatment of inherited illnesses 20th Century ( AD)