P. Schirmbacher Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin The Changing Process of Scholarly Publishing or the Necessity of a New Culture of Electronic Publishing

P. Schirmbacher Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin The Changing Process of Scholarly Publishing or the Necessity of a New Culture of Electronic Publishing Outline: 1.Changing Libraries 2.Aspects of Electronic Publishing or what is a culture of scholarly publishing 3.Criteria and Certificate for Publication repositories

P. Schirmbacher Change from paper based materials to digital materials with different kinds of presentation –Text oriented documents –Video-files –Audio-files –Pictures 2.The workflow in the library is changing. –Acquisition –Exploitation –Cataloguing –Long term preservation –Retrieval Changing Libraries

P. Schirmbacher Situation in Germany Year of publicationNumber of electronic dissertations sum Webstatistic of German National Library

P. Schirmbacher Present Situation Perspectives and problems Percentage of electronic publications is rapidly growing Generally there are few experiences in electronic publishing The process of electronic publishing is at it's very beginning Only few standards exist There are some rules and recommendations for authors, libraries and the whole scholarly community

P. Schirmbacher Long tradition in scholarly publishing –2200 year before the invention of paper –Write on papyrus roll –Gutenberg produce the bible in a new printing technology 1452 Several hundred years experiences organizing public and scientific libraries –acquisition, exploitation, cataloguing, long term archiving, … An established convention of publishing –Authors, who are interested in publishing –Referee system –Libraries with the duty to collect –Readers with interests for books Some other examples –Citation systems, rules of scholarly communication, … Culture of Scholarly Publishing

P. Schirmbacher New Culture of Electronic Publishing Traditional way Stabile technology Long publishing cycles Quite small availability Established referee system No problems with authenticity and integrity of documents Immutable paper based formats Electronic publishing No established technologies Short time to publish Worldwide accessibility Referee systems are to establish Digital signatures and time stamps are necessary (new technology, new laws) Only partial solutions do exist

P. Schirmbacher View of authors create and edit; publishing / dissemination, intellectual property rights / authenticity / integrity, question of time,. View of users availability, retrieval capabilities, authenticity,... View of libraries acquisition, exploitation, cataloguing, long term archiving, authenticity,... View of computing centers availability, bandwidth of computer network, retrieval, long term archiving, search machines, storage capacity View of publishers technological process, quality control, dissemination, marketing, … Expectation of Electronic Publishing

P. Schirmbacher Creation an electronic document Demands of the authors Modern text processor Supporting tools for multimedia applications Guarantee of integrity and authenticity of my document Long term archiving Short publication times Worldwide availability Requirements to the authors Do not use proprietary systems or file formats Use standards or at least common rules In order to support the retrieval create a structured text Do not use your own system of citation

P. Schirmbacher The community tries to find new approaches: Dublin core metadata set –Integration of metadata into OPAC’s Rules for the authors in order to collect metadata Templates in order to structure documents (Document type definitions) Standard file formats for different media types Open Archives Initiative in order to realize the technical possibilities to access Budapest Open Access Initiative in order to give everybody to access Steps in Electronic Publishing

P. Schirmbacher Digital Preservation / Archiving Traditional experiences 2000 years using of paper Format is determined by paper Authenticity and integrity are no problems --- In most cases expensive square meter of rooms, cost of boards, Insufficient solved problems Problems of storage media Few experiences with new storage media about a long term Problems with file formats Only few standards and rules like SGML or XML (dissemination is to limited) Special technologies necessary in order to guarantee authenticity and integrity of documents ---- Relative good value

P. Schirmbacher Successful retrieval is one of the main objectives in publishing Electronic publishing gives a chance of higher quality and quantity of retrieval Quality –Chance of better hits –Integration of multimedia documents Quantity –Basically worldwide access –Process of search is quicker –The broad availability Retrieval

DINI „Electronic Publishing Group“ Primary Objectives Deutsche Initiative für NetzwerkInformation DINI (German Initiative for Networked Information) Coalition of German Infrastructure- or Service-Institutions: Libraries Computing Centres Media Centres Learned Societies

P. Schirmbacher University Repositories General rules / Recommendations 1.Compliance with national and international rules and standards  Open Archives Initiative  Dublin Core Metadata Element Set 2.Avoidance of proprietary file formats  Using of SGML and XML should be the aim of long term activities 3.Protection of authenticity and integrity  Saving the documents by time stamps and methods of digital signature  Establish a policy for document and publishing server 4.Archiving and long term availability  Recommendation for hardware, software und orgware rules

P. Schirmbacher University Repositories Recommendations to the universities 1.Organizational foundations  Publishing policy for the whole university (university press)  Policy for a document and publishing server 2.Legal Basics  Saving intellectual properties  Agreements between authors and university press 3.Financial and staff efforts  Costs for equipments  Costs for staff 4.Further education  For authors  For staff

P. Schirmbacher Results of the Survey Certificate for Publication Repositories Answers from 47 universities inside Germany Kinds of documents (theses and dissertations, monographs, journals, preprints, papers, teaching materials, historical digitalized materials, …) Only 40 % are working based on a policy File formats Kinds of interfaces Kinds of services

P. Schirmbacher DINI-Certificate 1.Policy 2.Author Support 3.Legal Aspects 4.Authenticity and Integrity 5.Indexing Subject indexing Export of Metadata Interfaces 6.Logs and Statistics 7.Long-term Availability

DINI „Electronic Publishing Group“ DINI-Certificate / Evaluation Proposal by Web-questionnaire Evaluation of minimum standards by two experts Legitimacy to use the DINI-certificate-logo

P. Schirmbacher DINI-Certificate Electronic Publishing in Higher Education Recommendations DINI-Certificate Questions: DINI-office, located at University-Library of Goettingen Dr. Peter Schirmbacher, Computer- and Mediaservice of Humboldt University Berlin