Nu Xu1/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 STAR Experiment: Status & Future - Spin Structure of Proton - Properties of QCD Matter at Extreme Conditions - QCD Phase Structure Nu Xu Nuclear Science Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley, CA 94720, USA

Nu Xu2/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 STAR Experiment STAR Experiment at RHIC ( ) Fundamental science: particle physics, nuclear physics, astrophysics, cosmology, … State of art technology: detector R&D, simulations, IT, computing, mass/fast data managing, … scientists - 55 institutes - 13 countries PhD thesis since 2001

Nu Xu3/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 STAR Physics Focus Polarized p+p program - Study proton intrinsic properties Forward program - Study low-x properties, initial condition, search for CGC - Study elastic and inelastic processes in pp2pp 1) At 200 GeV top energy - Study medium properties, EoS - pQCD in hot and dense medium 2) RHIC beam energy scan (BES) - Search for the QCD critical point - Chiral symmetry restoration

Nu Xu4/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 BNL PAC, , 2010 HFT 2013 TPC FGT 2011 STAR Detectors Fast and Full azimuthal particle identification EMC+EEMC+FMS (-1 ≤  ≤ 4) TOF DAQ1000 MTD 2013

Nu Xu5/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Particle Identification at STAR STAR TPC STAR ToF STAR EMC STAR HFT Neutral particles Strange Jets Heavy Quark hyperons Hadrons Multiple-fold correlations among the identified particles! e, μ π K p d TPC ToF TPC Log 10 (p) STAR MTD

Nu Xu6/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 HFT: Charm Hadron v 2 and R AA GeV Au+Au m.b. collisions (500M events). - Charm hadron collectivity  drag/diffusion constants  - Medium properties! - Light quark thermalization! GeV Au+Au m.b. collisions (|y|< M events) - Charm hadron R AA  - Energy loss mechanism! - QCD in dense medium!

Nu Xu7/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 STAR Upgrade Timeline* *Upgrades - Funding driven schedules UpgradeCompletionKey Physics Measurements FMSCompleted 2008 (a)Trans. Asymmetry at forward-y (b)CGC TPC DAQ1000Completed 2009Minimal dead time, large data set MRPC TOFCompleted 2010Fast PID in full azimuthal acceptance Forward GEM Tracker Summer 2011 Ready for Run 12 Forward-y W ± for flavor separated quark polarization Heavy Flavor Tracker Summer 2013 Ready for Run 14 (a)Precision hadronic ID for charm and Bottom hadrons (b)Charm and Bottom hadron energy loss and flow Muon Telescope Detector Summer 2013 Ready for Run 14 (a)High p T muon trigger (b)Quarkonia states pp2pp’ Summer 2014 Ready for Run 15

Nu Xu8/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Year#Milestone 2013HP8Measure flavor-identified q and qbar contributions to the spin of the proton via the longitudinal-spin asymmetry of W production. 2013HP12 (update of HP1) Utilize polarized proton collisions at center of mass energies of 200 and 500 GeV, in combination with global QCD analyses, to determine if gluons have appreciable polarization over any range of momentum fraction between 1 and 30% of the momentum of a polarized proton. 2015HP13 (new) Test unique QCD predictions for relations between single-transverse spin phenomena in p-p scattering and those observed in deep-inelastic lepton scattering 2014DM9 (new) Perform calculations including viscous hydrodynamics to quantify, or place an upper limit on, the viscosity of the nearly perfect fluid discovered at RHIC. 2014DM10 (new) Measure jet and photon production and their correlations in A≈200 ion+ion collisions at energies from medium RHIC energies to the highest achievable energies at LHC. 2015DM11 (new) Measure bulk properties, particle spectra, correlations and fluctuations in Au+Au collisions at √s NN between 5 and 60 GeV to search for evidence of a critical point in the QCD matter phase diagram. 2016DM12 (new) Measure production rates, high p T spectra, and correlations in heavy-ion collisions at √s NN = 200 GeV for identified hadrons with heavy flavor valence quarks to constrain the mechanism for parton energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma. 2018DM13 (new) Measure real and virtual thermal photon production in p+p, d+Au and Au+Au collisions at energies up to √s NN = 200 GeV. DOE New RHIC Performance Milestones spin Heavy ion

Nu Xu9/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 The STAR Collaboration - Most European institutions leaving for LHC -The Collaboration is growing from more efforts from BES interests, China and India groups. 1) Frankfurt group: BES 2) GSI heavy ion group: BES, (new?) tracking 3) China HIT heavy ion group: Heavy ion, HBT 4) More students from India groups: 6 additional students, MTD 5) China groups: TOF, HFT, MTD

Nu Xu10/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Charge for new decadal plans for STAR and PHENIX by Steve Vigdor, Dec. 17, due date: Oct. 1, 2010 Spin B. Surrow Spin B. Surrow Heavy Ion J. Dunlop Heavy Ion J. Dunlop Upgrade F. Videbaek Upgrade F. Videbaek Decadal Plan C. Gargliardi Decadal Plan C. Gargliardi Decadal Plan see Carl’s talk

Nu Xu11/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Charge for new decadal plans for STAR and PHENIX Part-I: Summary of current upgrade and scientific reach, time line 1)A brief summary of the detector upgrades already (or soon to be) in progress, the timelines for completing them, the new science capabilities each adds in combination with upgraded RHIC luminosity, and your best current estimates (informed by the current strawman 5-year run plan for RHIC) of when you will be able to acquire the data that addresses the relevant science goals. This can even be summarized in tabular form, and should be consistent with the latest RHIC Midterm Plan. 2) The compelling science goals you foresee for RHIC A+A, p+p, and d+A collisions that can only be carried out with additional upgrades (or replacements) of detector subsystems or machine capabilities (e.g., further luminosity or diamond size improvements). For each such goal, provide some explanation of why RHIC is the appropriate facility (e.g., in competition with LHC or FAIR) to pursue that science, and preferably some simulations that demonstrate the need for new detector or machine capabilities to address the compelling questions. If the pursuit of some science goals is conditional on results to be obtained over the next several years, try to outline the decision points you foresee for deciding future paths.

Nu Xu12/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Charge for new decadal plans for STAR and PHENIX Part-II: Future R&D at RHIC and migration to EIC(?) 3) Prioritized, or at least time-ordered, lists of the major (above $2M total project cost) and more modest (below $2M total project cost) new detector upgrades your Collaboration foresees, together with R&D milestones that may have to be passed to demonstrate their technical feasibility. Also provide whatever information you have on the indicated timescale concerning probable costs of each upgrade. I understand these will likely be very preliminary in most cases. 4) Any plans or interest your Collaboration has in adapting your detector or detector subsystems (or detector R&D) to study electron-nucleon and electron-ion collisions with an eventual eRHIC upgrade. This is relevant only near the end of the decade addressed here, but will be important for planning purposes. (We may well be forced by financial or environmental considerations, even for a first MeRHIC stage, to consider options in which acceleration of the electron beam is carried out around the RHIC tunnel, requiring some scheme for getting an electron beamline through or around PHENIX and STAR. So it’s worth considering if there is some way you could make use of the e-p and e-A collisions if we provided them.)

Nu Xu13/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 Charge for new decadal plans for STAR and PHENIX Part-III: Evolution of the collaboration 5) The envisioned evolution of your Collaboration through the decade: institutions that may leave, others that might join, any plans to keep your Collaboration healthy and vibrant as RHIC becomes a “mature” facility.

Nu Xu14/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 One Possibility STAR => eSTAR with a moderate upgrade program (2012 – 2020) - Cost effective for Physics Case and Detector R&D for EIC - Maintain the community

eSTAR ePHENIX eRHIC Design 2 SRF linac 1 -> 5 GeV per pass 4 (6) passes Coherent e-cooler eRHIC detector injector RHIC: 325 GeV p or 130 GeV/u Au with DX magnets removed

Nu Xu16/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 STAR Experiment MRPC ToF Barrel ALICE Technology BBC PMD FPD FMSFMS EMC Barrel EMC End Cap DAQ1000 FGT COMPLETE Ongoing MTD R&D HFT TPC FHC HLT pp2pp’ triggercomputing

Nu Xu17/17STAR Decadal Plan Meeting at UIC, September 10 th, 2010 The STAR Collaboration - Most European institutions leaving for LHC -The Collaboration is growing from more efforts from BES interests, China and India groups 1) Frankfurt group: BES 2) GSI heavy ion group: BES, (new?) tracking 3) China HIT heavy ion group: Heavy ion, HBT 4) More students from India groups: 6 additional students, MTD 5) China groups: TOF, HFT, MTD Future: -HFT: Thermalization of light quarks -EIC: More effort in the forward rapidity needed -BES: collaboration with SPS, CBM, NICA