Chapter 15 Augmented Feedback Concept: Augmented feedback provides information that can facilitate skill learning

Two Types of Performance-Related Information (Feedback) Task-intrinsic feedback Sensory-perceptual information that is a natural part of performing a skill Augmented feedback Performance related information added to or enhancing task-intrinsic feedback

Two Types of Augmented Feedback Knowledge of Results (KR) Externally presented information about the outcome of performing a skill or about achieving the goal of the performance Knowledge of Performance (KP) Externally presented information about movement characteristics that led to the performance outcome

Table 15.1 Examples of Augmented Feedback A golf instructor tells student KR: shot went into right rough KP: you were short on your backswing A physical therapist tells patient KR: you walked 10 ft today KP: you should bend your knees more as you walk A sprinter in track KR: sees time posted on board KP: sees a videotape replay A gymnast KR: sees judge’s score KP: looks at stick figure representation of performance

The Roles of Augmented Feedback in Skill Acquisition Two roles in skill learning process: Facilitates achievement of the action goal of the skill Motivates the learner to continue striving toward a goal

How Essential is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning? FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS: It can be essential for skill learning It may not be necessary for skill learning It can enhance skill learning It can hinder or slow skill learning

How Essential is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning? FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS: It can be essential for skill learning It may not be necessary for skill learning It can enhance skill learning It can hinder or slow skill learning

How Essential is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning? FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS: It can be essential for skill learning It may not be necessary for skill learning It can enhance skill learning It can hinder or slow skill learning

Results of experiment by Wallace and Hagler showing the benefit of verbal error-based KP for enhancing learning a basketball shooting skill

How Essential is Augmented Feedback for Skill Learning? FOUR POSSIBLE ANSWERS: It can be essential for skill learning It may not be necessary for skill learning It can enhance skill learning It can hinder or slow skill learning

Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Five Issues Related to Augmented Feedback Content Information about errors vs. correct aspects of performance KR vs. KP Qualitative vs. quantitative information Augmented feedback based on error size Erroneous augmented feedback

Types of Knowledge of Performance Verbal KP Two types Descriptive KP Prescriptive KP Videotape as augmented feedback Movement kinematics as augmented feedback Biofeedback as augmented feedback

Types of Knowledge of Performance Verbal KP Two types Descriptive KP Prescriptive KP Videotape as augmented feedback Movement kinematics as augmented feedback Biofeedback as augmented feedback

Concurrent Augmented Feedback Augmented feedback provided while a person is performing a skill Effects of concurrent augmented feedback on learning Two general types of effects Negative learning effect Enhances skill learning (positive effect)

Terminal Augmented Feedback Feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skill Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedback KR delay interval Post KR interval Both require a minimum length of time Engaging in activity during these intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learning

Terminal Augmented Feedback Feedback that is provided after a person has completed the performance of a skill Two intervals of time associated with terminal augmented feedback KR delay interval Post KR interval Both require a minimum length of time Engaging in activity during these intervals can hinder, benefit, or have no effect upon skill learning

Frequency of Presenting Augmented Feedback Traditional view = Aug. fb for every trial (100% frequency) is best for learning Current view = Less than 100% frequency is best for learning

Techniques that Reduce Augmented Feedback Frequency Performance based bandwidths Performer selected frequency Summary and averaged augmented feedback