Life Functions in Protists Your Father was a protist

ANIMAL LIKE PROTISTS (19.1) Also known as “protozoans” Heterotrophic Classified into four groups based on how they move Zooflagellates Sarcodines Ciliates sporozoans

Zooflagellates Use a flagella to move: A long projection that looks much like a “whip” Same things that a sperm cell use to move Some reproduce asexually (mitosis) and some reproduce sexually (meiosis)

Sarcodines Move using something called a pseudopod this same pseudopod (pseudopodia) is used to help the amoeba capture and take in food particles Amoeba is a cell that is a sarcodine (***) Amoebas also called the “SHAPELESS PROTIST”

Ciliates These use “cilia” for movement and feeding Cilia move in a sweeping motion to help cell move Cilia also sweep food particles toward the “oral groove” of the cell Paramecium is a cell that is a ciliate (***) Removes excess water using a “contractile vacuole” Contain 2 nuclei: Macronucleus: stores genetic information (DNA) Micronucleus: backup copy of cells genes for reproduction

Paramecium

Ciliates Some reproduce asexually (binary fission) Some reproduce sexually (conjugation) No new individuals are really formed here, they are just exchanging genetic information through the PILUS connecting them

Sporozoans Parasites that live in hosts such as fish, birds, and humans That means they get their food from their hosts Reproduce by means of spores A tiny cell that can grow into an organism

PLANT LIKE PROTISTS (19.2) Commonly described as algae Contain chlorophyll and conduct photosynthesis Usually live near the edges of water And a vast amount in the oceans Produce a MAJORITY of the earth’s oxygen Six groups: Diatoms, dinoflagellates, euglenoids, red algae, brown algae, green algae

Diatoms Dinoflagellates Euglenoids Red Algae Brown Algae Green Algae Cells Uni- Multi- Uni- Multi- Nutrition Auto- (50%) Hetero- (50%) Auto Decomp. Movement 2 Flagella (Spinning Algae) Flagella Reproduction Sexually Asexually Asexually (binary fission) Binary fission *Alternation of Generations

Alternation of Generations In this pattern of reproduction, organisms alternate between haploid (n) and diploid (2n) Gametophyte: Haploid (n) form of organism Produces “gametes” (duh!) Sporophyte: Diploid (2n) form of organism Undergoes meiosis to form haploid spores (n) that can develop into a new gametophyte Look at Figure 19.14 on page 516

FUNGUS LIKE PROTISTS (19.3) Heterotrophs (decomposers) Have cell walls Use spores to reproduce ARE DIFFERENT FROM FUNGI because they “lack chitin in their cell wall” Include 2 groups: Slime molds Water molds

Slime Molds Resemble colorful blobs that live in damp environments Living mass oozes across a surface Feeds on bacteria, bits of decaying organic matter, and microorganisms Are like animals because they move about and engulf food

Water Molds Small, unicellular Live in water/moist soil Grow as tiny threads that look like “fuzz” Some are decomposers, others are parasites that live on a host

THE END!!!