Unit 6: Microorganisms and Fungi Chapter 20: Protists

Key Concepts:  What are protists?  What are the types of animal-like protists?  What are the types of plant-like protists?  What are the types of fungus-like protists?

A. The Kingdom Protista 1. Protists - any organism that is Eukaryotic; but not a plant, animal, or fungi. 2. Protists can be unicellular, multicellular, or colonial.

3. Protists are either: a) heterotrophic (animal-like) b) autotrophic (plant-like) c) decomposers/parasites (fungus-like)

B. Animal-Like Protists 1. Phylum Zooflagellates – a) Move using a flagella (whip-like tail) b) Can have one or two flagella c) Most reproduce asexually d) Absorb food through their cell- membranes

2. Phylum Sarcodina – (sarodines) a) Move by pseudopodia (false feet) b) Usually live in water c) Captures food by wrapping the pseudopodium around it and ingesting it. d) Example: Amoeba

3. Phylum Ciliophora (ciliates) a) Use cilia for feeding and movement b) Found in fresh and salt water c) Free-living – don’t exist as parasites d) Example: Paramecium

4. Phylum Sporozoa a) All members of this phyla are PARASITES b) Life cycles involve more than one host c) Examples: The Plasmodium sporozoan causes malaria and is carried by the female Anopheles mosquito

Section 20-2 Figure 20-7 The Life Cycle of Plasmodium

C. Plant-Like Protists 1. Phylum Euglenophyta (euglenophytes) a) Move by 2 flagellas b) Have no cell wall c) Reproduce asexually d) Performs photosynthesis (make’s it’s own food) e) Example: Euglena

2. Phylum Chrisophyta (chyrsophytes): a) Gold-colored chlorophyll b) Includes yellow-green algae and golden- brown algae

3. Phylum Bacillariophyta (Diatoms) a) Produce thin, delicate cell walls rich is silicon – the main component of glass b) Sexually reproduce and asexually reproduce.

4. Phylum Pyrrophyta (dioflagellates) a) ½ are photosynthetic b) ½ are heterotrophic c) Have 2-flagella d) Reproduce asexually e) Cause of red Tides

5. Phylum Rhodophyta: (red Algae) a) Lives in deep water b) Contains chlorophyll A c) Multicellular d) Helps form coral reefs

6. Phylum Phaeophyta (Brown Algae) a) Marine organisms b) Live in shallow water c) Most complex algae d) Contains Chlorophyll A and C

6. Phylum Chlorophyta: (green algae) a) Cell wall b) Chlorophyll A and B c) Found in fresh and marine water d) Single celled, multi celled, and colonial.

C. Fungus – Like Protists 1. Phylum Acrasiomycota (cellular slime molds) a) Free-living cells b) Absorb nutrients from dead/decaying matter

2. Phylum Myxomycota (acellular slime molds) a) Single cell with many nuclei

3. Phylum Oomcota (water Mold) a) Feed on dead or decaying matter, b) Both sexual and asexual reproduction c) Caused the Potato Famine of Ireland in 1846