1 By Mr. Becker By Mr. Becker American Revivalism & Reform

2 1. The Second Great Awakening 1. The Second Great Awakening “Spiritual Reform From Within” [Religious organizations started to see problems in the American Society] Social Reforms & Redefining the Ideal of Equality Asylum & Prison Reform Education Women’s Rights Abolitionism Temperance

3 2.Penitentiary Reform Prisons are not safe for the criminals 2.Penitentiary Reform Prisons are not safe for the criminals Dorothea Dix ( ) Dorothea was concerned about the unhealthy conditions in prisons and the treatment of the Mentally Ill.

4 Helping the Mentally ILL U.S. reformer Dorothea Dix observed that mentally ill people in Massachusetts, both men and women of all ages, were incarcerated with criminals and left unclothed and in darkness and without heat or bathrooms. Many were chained and beaten.

5 Dorothea Dix Asylum Over 100 new hospitals for the mentally ill were created.

6 3. Temperance Movement Lyman Beecher The Beecher Family American Temperance Society fight against “Demon Rum”!

7 Ideas behind the Movement. Reformers believed alcohol abuse led to social problems such as family violence, poverty, and criminal behavior. The Temperance Movement was aimed at stopping people from drinking hard liquor and limiting the consumption of beer and wine. The next slide show how alcohol changes a person.

8 “The Drunkard’s Progress” From the first glass to the grave, 1846 Tried to educate people about the evils of alcohol abuse.

9 4. Educational Reform  Massachusetts  always on the forefront of public educational reform * 1 st state to establish tax support for local public schools.  By 1860 every state offered free public education to whites.

10 “Father of American Education” Horace Mann ( )  Started the Common-School Movement  discouraged corporal punishment  established state teacher- training programs

11 5. Women Educators e Troy, NY Female Seminary e curriculum: math, physics, history, geography. e train female teachers Emma Willard ( ) Mary Lyon ( ) e 1837  she established Mt. Holyoke [So. Hadley, MA] as the first college for women. Catherine Beecher ( )

12 6. Education for People with Disabilities  Worked to improve the education for the visually impaired.  Founded the Perkins Institute for the Blind.  Founded the first institution to educate the Hearing Impaired.  Founded “Hartford School for the Deaf.”  Now known as the “American School for the Deaf.” Samuel Gridley Howe Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet

13 Early 19c Women 1.Unable to vote. 2.Legal status of a minor. 3.Single  could own her own property. 4.Married  no control over her property or her children. 5.Could not initiate divorce. 6.Couldn’t make wills, sign a contract, or bring suit in court without her husband’s permission.

14 7. Women’s Rights Lucretia MottElizabeth Cady Stanton 1848  Seneca Falls Convention – 1 st Organized meeting to discuss Women’s Rights in U.S. Declaration of Sentiments – Stated the women deserved the same rights as men. Susan B. Anthony

15 8. Abolitionist Movement  1816  American Colonization Society ewanted (gradual, voluntary, emancipation.) When slaves were freed the Society shipped them back to Africa. The were sent to the newly created country of Liberia in Western Africa.

16 William Lloyd Garrison ( ) eSlavery undermined republican values. eImmediate emancipation with NO compensation. eSlavery was a moral issue, Not an economic issue.

17 The Liberator Premiere issue  January 1, 1831

18 Frederick Douglass ( ) 1845  The Narrative of the Life Of Frederick Douglass 1847  “The North Star”

19 Sojourner Truth ( ) or Isabella Baumfree Isabella changed her name to reflect her life’s purpose of talking about the evils of slavery. Sojourner = Traveler Sojourner Truth = Traveler Speaking the Truth Sojourner met President Abraham Lincoln after the Civil War and discussed expanding rights for women and African Americans.

20 Harriet Tubman ( ) eHelped over 300 slaves to freedom. e$40,000 bounty on her head. eServed as a Union spy during the Civil War. “Moses”

21 Leading Escaping Slaves Along the Underground Railroad

22 The Underground Railroad

23 The Underground Railroad e“Conductor” ==== leader of the escape e“Passengers” ==== escaping slaves e“Tracks” ==== routes e“Trains” ==== farm wagons transporting the escaping slaves e“Depots / Stations” ==== safe houses to rest/sleep