Experimental Studies of Planetary Materials Mike KrawczynskiPhil Skemer.

Slides:

Advertisements

Similar presentations

7/12/04CIDER/ITP Short Course Composition and Structure of Earth’s Interior A Perspective from Mineral Physics.

Advertisements

Chapter 7 Test Review Plate Tectonics.

Subduction Zone Observatory Big Geodynamics-Related Science Questions Magali Billen Department of Earth & Planetary Sciences UC Davis Collaborators & Students:

Section 17.4 Causes of plate motion

Silicate Earth Primitive mantle Present-day mantle Crust Oceanic crust Continental crust Reservoir Volume Mass Mass % (10 27 cm 3 )(10 27 g) Earth

WHAT IS MAGMA MADE UP OF?. At divergent boundaries and hot spots, magma forms by PARTIAL MELTING (not complete melting) of the mantle Minerals with higher.

Plate Tectonics and the Structure of the Earth. The Structure of the Earth The Earth is made up of 3 main layers: Core Mantle Crust Inner core Outer Core.

EARTH’S INTERNAL STRUCTURE AND MAGMA FORMATION PROCESSES.

GreatBreak: Grand Challenges in Geodynamics. Characteristics of a Desirable Geodynamic Model Ties together observational constraints on current state.

Plate Tectonics. The Earth’s Structure Crust Mantle Outer Core Inner Core Lithosphere.

Class 1. Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics William Wilcock OCEAN/ESS 410.

Rheology rheology What is rheology ? From the root work “rheo-” Current: flow Greek: rhein, to flow (river) Like rheostat – flow of current.

Plate Tectonics Grade 5 Unit 4 Lesson 1

Plate Tectonics  Earth is a dynamic planet: its land masses and oceans are in constant motion. Continental blocks split to form new oceans.

What Are Earthquakes? 7-1 Key Concept:

June 29, 2009EURISPET1 Strength of the lithosphere Introduction to mantle rheology from laboratory approach Shun-ichiro Karato Yale University New Haven,

Section 13-1 Review Page #324:1-8.

Grade 4 Unit 8. Topics Covered: Parts of the earth Heat transfer and crustal plates Tectonic plates Divergent, Convergent, & Transform Boundaries Hot.

I-5 Notes Dynamic Planet. The Nature of Earthquakes.

Plate Tectonics An original Power Point presentation by Lindsey Durham.

The Earth’s Layers Layers. inner core outer core crust mantle Composition of the Earth’s Layers Moho.

Lithospheric Plate Structure Lithosphere (or plate) = crust + uppermost, rigid part of the mantle.

Take notes Powerpoint presentations are, by design, not comprehensive Lectures and text are complementary You are responsible for information provided.

The Rock Cycle A rock is composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one type of rocky material is transformed into another Igneous.

Plate Tectonics Unit: Dynamic Planet. The Unit so far Absolute and Relative Dating Absolute and Relative Dating.

Initiation and preservation of localized deformation in the mantle

Igneous Rocks and Their Origin Chapter 5. Igneous rocks - Formed from volcanic eruptions - either external or internal Sedimentary rocks - Formed from.

What’s Inside?. The Earth’s Core – Almost as hot as the surface of the sun (due to radioactive decay) Escape of this inner heat drives geological activity.

pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt 25 pt 5 pt 5 pt 10 pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt 20 pt 25 pt 25 pt 5 pt 5 pt 10 pt 10 pt 15 pt 15 pt 20 pt.

Ch.6, Sec.3 – Causes of Volcanic Eruptions

Get out: Earthquake notes 5-2 Homework. Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics Section 9-2.

Beyond Elasticity stress, strain, time Don Weidner Stony Brook.

STRUCTURE OF THE EARTH. Differentiation of Earth Earth is divided into layers based on density and composition Solid Layers – Core (iron-nickel) – Mantle.

More Stuff About Earthquakes. Faults Any stress on the plates can cause an earthquake if the elastic limit is reached. Each type of stress results in.

Plate Boundary Volcanism Reference: Pages & 557 Volcanoes are associated with two of the three types of plate boundaries, these being convergent.

Igneous Rocks and Their Origin Chapter 3. The Rock Cycle A rock is composed of grains of one or more minerals The rock cycle shows how one type of rocky.

Magmas Best, Ch. 8. Constitution of Magmas Hot molten rock T = degrees C Composed of ions or complexes Phase –Homogeneous – Separable part.

Pete Loader GL4: Q1 June 2010 Partial melting can be achieved when the temperature of the mantle (indicated by the local geotherm) exceeds the.

Table of Contents Title: 17.4 Causes of Plate Motions Page #: 96 Date: 4/10/2013.

Rock Density Lab Objectives:

Chapter 7 Section 1 Pgs Composition of the Earth Divided into 3 layers: Crust Mantle Core Compound – substance made of two or more elements.

What Causes Volcanoes? 11/9/ pgs IN: What causes volcanoes?

Volcanism. Volcanoes A mountain built from magma Can occur on land or in the ocean.

Structure of the Earth. Earth’s Structure  The Earth is made up of several layers with distinct properties:  Crust = outer layer  Mantle = middle layer.

Learning Objectives I can describe the formation and movement of magma. I can describe the formation and movement of magma. I can explain the relationship.

Class 1. Earth Structure and Plate Tectonics William Wilcock

Earth as a System Scientists divided this system into four parts:

8.E.5B.1 Analyze and interpret data to describe patterns in the location of volcanoes and earthquakes related to tectonic plate boundaries, interactions,

Hawaii Plates vs Plumes

What is a volcano? An opening in the crust of

Tectonic Plate Boundary Review:

Original artwork by Gary Hincks

I. Section 1 Volcanoes and Plate Tectonics

Plate Tectonics and Continental Drift.

Plate Tectonics Evolution of the Earth.

The Magma Ocean Concept

Tectonic Plate Boundary Review:

The Modern Plates.

12.2 Features of Plate Tectonics

Tectonic Plate Boundary Review:

Volcanoes Plate Tectonics.

Plate Tectonics.

Mid Atlantic Ridge (total length of about 60,000 km)

Divergent Plate Boundaries

Sci. 4-3 The Theory of Plate Tectonics Pages

Unit 6 Earth’s Dynamic Interior

INSIDE EARTH: CHAPTER 3- VOLCANOES

Presentation transcript:

Experimental Studies of Planetary Materials Mike KrawczynskiPhil Skemer

Wash. U. Experimental Geochemistry Experimental Geochemistry: Its all about constraining the processes that form the planets (P, T, X, t)

Piston Cylinder 1-atm Gas Mixing Furnace Cold-seal Gas Pressure Vessel Wash. U. Experimental Geochemistry

Mantle Wedge Lower Crust Shallow Crust Subducting Slab Magma Ocean Silicate Cumulates Plag Crust KREEP Zone Lower Mantle 500 km

Wash. U. Rock Deformation Lab ?

Kinematics: How should we relate seismic anisotropy to flow patterns near plate boundaries? Wash. U. Rock Deformation Lab Dynamics: How do rocks deform near plate boundaries or deep in Earth’s mantle? How do deforming rocks generate different styles of plate tectonics on Earth and other planets?

Wash. U. Rock Deformation Lab P = 1 GPa T = 1250 C  max ~0.5 Griggs Apparatus Linckens et al. (2014)

Wash. U. Rock Deformation Lab P = 6 GPa T = 1300 C  = limited only by time Large Volume Torsion Apparatus

Wash. U. Rock Deformation Lab Experiments over next several years will focus on two phase materials:  olivine + pyroxene (mantle)  plag + pyroxene (mafic crust)  cpx + garnet (eclogitized crust) How do the rheology and microstructure of polymineralic rocks evolve as a function of strain, and under what conditions does this behavior diverge from the behavior of idealized monomineralic aggregates? Large Volume Torsion Apparatus