Chapter 1 New World Beginnings, 33,000 B.C.E.–1769 C.E.

1 | 2 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Which of the following represents proof that a single continent once existed? a)Discovery of evidence that a major land-bridge connected Asia and North America 35,000 years ago b)Discovery of nearly identical species of fish in freshwater lakes around the world c)Discovery of evidence suggesting that a single freshwater lake once covered much of present-day North America d)Discovery of the Canadian shield and its undergirding of ancient rock

1 | 3 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Which of the following represents proof that a single continent once existed? a)Discovery of evidence that a major land-bridge connected Asia and North America 35,000 years ago b)Discovery of nearly identical species of fish in freshwater lakes around the world (correct) c)Discovery of evidence suggesting that a single freshwater lake once covered much of present-day North America d)Discovery of the Canadian shield and its undergirding of ancient rock Hint: See page 4.

1 | 4 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question It is estimated that the population of North and South America in 1492, was roughly a)2,000. b)15,000. c)4 million. d)54 million.

1 | 5 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer It is estimated that the population of North and South America in 1492, was roughly a)2,000. b)15,000. c)4 million. d)54 million. (correct) Hint: See page 8.

1 | 6 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Monk’s Mound, which rivaled in size the pyramids of Egypt, was created by the Native Americans of a)Cahokia, in the Ohio River Valley. b)the Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. c)Navajo and Apache of the Southwest. d)hunter-gatherers of highland Mexico.

1 | 7 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Monk’s Mound, which rivaled in size the pyramids of Egypt, was created by the Native Americans of a)Cahokia, in the Ohio River Valley. (correct) b)the Pueblos of the Rio Grande Valley. c)Navajo and Apache of the Southwest. d)hunter-gatherers of highland Mexico. Hint: See page 10.

1 | 8 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Three-sister farming in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region of North America included all of the following vegetables EXCEPT a)beans. b)manioc. c)cornstalks. d)squash.

1 | 9 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Three-sister farming in the southeastern Atlantic seaboard region of North America included all of the following vegetables EXCEPT a)beans. b)manioc. (correct) c)cornstalks. d)squash. Hint: See page 10.

1 | 10 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Indirect discoverers of the Americas include all of the following EXCEPT a)Christian Crusaders. b)Muslim “middlemen.” c)Norse seafarers. d)the Italian adventurer Marco Polo.

1 | 11 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Indirect discoverers of the Americas include all of the following EXCEPT a)Christian Crusaders. b)Muslim “middlemen.” c)Norse seafarers. (correct) d)the Italian adventurer Marco Polo. Hint: See page 11.

1 | 12 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Europeans gained direct access to sub-Saharan Africa because a)Portuguese navigators began to creep down the West African coast in the middle of the fifteenth century. b)African gold crossed the Sahara on camelback. c)Mali had an impressive Islamic university at Timbuktu. d) Arab merchants and Africans traded slaves.

1 | 13 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Europeans gained direct access to sub-Saharan Africa because a)Portuguese navigators began to creep down the West African coast in the middle of the fifteenth century. (correct) b)African gold crossed the Sahara on camelback. c)Mali had an impressive Islamic university at Timbuktu. d) Arab merchants and Africans traded slaves. Hint: See pages 11–12.

1 | 14 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question The Portuguese mariner who rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 was a)Giovanni Caboto. b)Vasco da Gama. c)Bartholomeu Días. d)Giovanni da Verrazano.

1 | 15 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer The Portuguese mariner who rounded the southernmost tip of Africa in 1488 was a)Giovanni Caboto. b)Vasco da Gama. c)Bartholomeu Días. (correct) d)Giovanni da Verrazano. Hint: See page 13.

1 | 16 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were reasons for European’s voyages of discovery EXCEPT a)demand for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean. b)Portuguese mariners had demonstrated that long- range ocean navigation was possible. c)cheap slave labor from Africa made European labor obsolete. d)financing available due to the unity, wealth, and power of Spain’s modern national state.

1 | 17 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were reasons for European’s voyages of discovery EXCEPT a)demand for more and cheaper products from the lands beyond the Mediterranean. b)Portuguese mariners had demonstrated that long- range ocean navigation was possible. c)cheap slave labor from Africa made European labor obsolete. (correct) d)financing available due to the unity, wealth, and power of Spain’s modern national state. Hint: See page 14.

1 | 18 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question Native Americans earned a measure of revenge for the devastating effects of European colonization by introducing Europeans to a)smallpox. b)yellow fever. c)malaria. d)syphilis.

1 | 19 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer Native Americans earned a measure of revenge for the devastating effects of European colonization by introducing Europeans to a)smallpox. b)yellow fever. c)malaria. d)syphilis. (correct) Hint: See page 16.

1 | 20 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Question All of the following were true of Cortés’ conquest of the Aztec Empire EXCEPT a)victory was possible because Cortés had more warriors than Moctezuma. b)it was aided by a smallpox epidemic. c)temples of Tenochtitlán were destroyed to make way for the Christian cathedrals. d)the native population of Mexico shrank from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century.

1 | 21 Copyright © Cengage Learning. All rights reserved. Answer All of the following were true of Cortés’ conquest of the Aztec Empire EXCEPT a)victory was possible because Cortés had more warriors than Moctezuma. (correct) b)it was aided by a smallpox epidemic. c)temples of Tenochtitlán were destroyed to make way for the Christian cathedrals. d)the native population of Mexico shrank from 20 million to 2 million in less than a century. Hint: See page 22.