August 2002Dr. K Alder Intermediate 2 Chemistry Formation of ions.

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Presentation transcript:

August 2002Dr. K Alder Intermediate 2 Chemistry Formation of ions

August 2002Dr. K Alder Neutral atoms Neutral atoms have the same number of electrons and protons 12 + magnesium Mg 2,8,2 12 electrons - 12 protons +

August 2002Dr. K Alder Ions ions are atoms that have an unequal number of electrons and protons atoms gain or lose electrons to become ions number of protons DOES NOT change

August 2002Dr. K Alder Positive ions form by losing electrons magnesium Mg 2+ 2,8 10 electrons - 12 protons magnesium Mg 2,8,2 12 electrons - 12 protons

August 2002Dr. K Alder Mg 2+ Positive ion Atomic number = 12 Protons = 12 Electrons = 10 Two fewer electrons gives an overall charge of 2+ ions Mg Neutral atom Atomic number = 12 Protons = 12 Electrons = 12 Equal protons and electrons give no charge

August 2002Dr. K Alder Negative ions form by gaining extra electrons 17 + chlorine Cl - 2,8,8 18 electrons - 17 protons + chlorine Cl 2,8,7 17 electrons - 17 protons +

August 2002Dr. K Alder Cl - Negative ion Atomic number = 17 Protons = 17 Electrons = 18 One extra electron gives an overall charge of 1- ions Cl Neutral atom Atomic number = 17 Protons = 17 Electrons = 17 Equal protons and electrons give no charge