Ions. Atoms are neutral. BUT when an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an ion. Ions can be positive or negative.

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Presentation transcript:

Ions

Atoms are neutral. BUT when an atom gains or loses an electron it becomes an ion. Ions can be positive or negative.

Cations Positive ions are called cations – A cation is formed when an atom loses electrons

Cation Example #1 – Lithium (Li) The lithium atom has 3 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level and 1 in the second energy level. The lithium ion has 2 electrons total and a positive charge of 1+. One electron has been lost. When an electron is lost an atom becomes a positive ion or a cation.

Cation Example #2 – Sodium (Na) The sodium atom has 11 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level, 8 in the second energy level, and 1 in the third energy level. The sodium ion has 10 electrons total and a positive charge of 1+. One electron has been lost. So the charge is 1+.

Cation Example #3 – Magnesium (Mg) The magnesium atom has 12 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level, 8 in the second energy level, and 2 in the third energy level. The lithium ion has 10 electrons total and a positive charge of 2+. Two electrons have been lost. So the charge is 2+.

Cation joke… “I think I’ve lost an electron…” “Are you sure?” “I’m positive!”

Anions Negative ions are called anions – An anion is formed when an atom gains electrons

Anion Example #1 – Fluorine (F) The fluorine atom has 9 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level and 7 in the second energy level. The fluorine ion has 8 electrons total and a negative charge of 1-. One electron has been gained. When an electron is gained an atom becomes a negative ion or an anion.

Anion Example #2 – Chlorine (Cl) The chlorine atom has 17 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level, 8 in the second energy level, and 7 in the third energy level. The chlorine ion has 18 electrons total and a negative charge of 1-. One electron has been gained. So the charge is 1-.

Anion Example #3 – Oxygen (O) The oxygen atom has 8 electrons total, 2 in the first energy level and 6 in the second energy level. The oxygen or (oxide) ion has 10 electrons total and a negative charge of 2-. Two electrons have been gained. So the charge is 2-.

Ion Charges & the Periodic Table 1+nc Li + Be 2+ O 2- F-F- Na + Mg 2+ Al 3+ S 2- Cl - K + Ca 2+ Ga 3+ Se 2- Br - Rb + Sr 2+ In 3+ Te 2- I-I- Cs + Ba 2+ These elements have an assigned charge based on their periodic column (or group). Hydrogen is an exception.