CDIAC Global Ocean CO 2 Data Management Alex Kozyr Carbon Dioxide Information Analysis Center, Oak Ridge National Laboratory

CDIAC Ocean Data Management Mission To assemble the largest collection of quality, well-documented CO 2 measurements from deep and coastal regions of the world’s oceans and to develop a data system to promote and enable worldwide scientific use of the collection and products derived from the collection.

Report of the Users Group Meeting August 7-8, 2008 The CDIAC ocean carbon activities are exemplary for numerous reasons: (1)These holdings were developed after the scientific community fully accepted the global nature of the research, (2)CDIAC was involved in the scientific activities from the start via “membership” in the DOE sponsored “U.S. Science Team” activities, (3)The scientific measurement program was designed with knowledge of the ocean modeling community needs and with cooperation of the modeling community and (4)CDIAC worked very closely with the scientists after the measurement phase as the various data sets and products were developed. The net result is that the CDIAC ocean carbon holdings are exactly what is needed by the scientific community – both analytical scientists and modelers. That is, CDIAC has both uniformly gridded data for the numerical modelers in the formats those scientists need as well as the actual data, again in formats easily used by anyone, for more traditional analyses and for those doing “inverse model” calculations. The combination of the GLODAP data with those of the underway pCO2 data products (Takahashi and CARBOOCEAN) provide the community with concentrations, distributions, inventories and flux estimates. More recently, CDIAC has kept pace as the focus of the scientific community changed. During the 1990s the measurement programs focused on getting an initial carbon estimate in the global ocean. During this decade the focus has changed to an attempt to understand decadal change. CDIAC’s response to this paradigm shift – simply offering the repeat measurement data paired with historical data on the web site - was immediate, simple to implement and is proving to be extremely useful to the scientific community.

Major Data Elements and Synthesis Projects Ocean CO 2 data from the oceanographic projects WOCE Database ( , original data and documentation from all 74 cruises with CO 2 -related measurements)WOCE Database CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Database (2001-present WOCE Repeat Sections)CLIVAR Repeat Hydrography and Carbon Database VOS Underway pCO 2 Database (2001 – present)VOS Underway pCO 2 Database Moorings and Time Series Database (2003 – present)Moorings and Time Series Database Global Coastal Program Data (2005 – present)Global Coastal Program Data Data synthesis projects GLODAP Database (Data synthesis and evaluation, published in 2004, will be updated with new data and merged with CARINA and PACIFICA to GLODAP-2)GLODAP Database CARINA Database (Atlantic Ocean data synthesis and evaluation published in 2009, will be updated with new data)CARINA Database PACIFICA Database (Pacific Ocean data synthesis and evaluation: in progress)PACIFICA Database LDEO (Takahashi) Global Surface pCO 2 Database(published in 2006, updated every year with new data)LDEO (Takahashi) Global Surface pCO 2 Database SOCAT (Surface Ocean CArbon ATlas) Database (in progress)SOCAT (Surface Ocean CArbon ATlas) Database

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6 The GLobal Ocean Data Analysis Project (GLODAP) is a cooperative effort to coordinate global synthesis projects funded through the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), and the National Science Foundation (NSF) as part of the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study - Synthesis and Modeling Project (JGOFS-SMP). The final result is a data set with more than 12,000 oceanographic stations with 353,042 unique samplesNOAADOENSFJGOFS-SMP

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What is new since 2008 meeting?

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18 LDEO Underway pCO2 Data base

19 LDEO Underway pCO2 Data base

Future Work

GO-SHIP Repeat Sections

GLODAP-2 Database

Thank you!

34 The quality assurance/quality control (QA/QC) procedure (GLODAP example) –ANALYTICAL AND CALIBRATION TECHNIQUES –RESULTS OF SHIPBOARD ANALYSIS OF CERTIFIED REFERENCE MATERIALS –REPLICATE SAMPLES –CONSISTENCY OF DEEP CARBON DATA AT THE LOCATIONS WHERE CRUISES CROSS OR OVERLAP –MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSION ANALYSIS –ISOPYCNAL ANALYSES –INTERNAL CONSISTENCY OF MULTIPLE CARBON MEASUREMENTS –FINAL EVALUATION OF OFFSETS AND DETERMINATION OF CORRECTION TO BE APPLIED

US Ocean Carbon Project Origins 1989 – beginning of Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS)1989 – beginning of Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) 1991 – beginning of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE)1991 – beginning of World Ocean Circulation Experiment (WOCE) DOE and NOAA funded 10 US institutions to develop instrumentation and perform carbon-related measurements on WOCE cruisesDOE and NOAA funded 10 US institutions to develop instrumentation and perform carbon-related measurements on WOCE cruises –Princeton (Bob Key, Chris Sabine) –WHOI (Catherine Goyet) –SIO (Andrew Dickson, Charles Keeling, Ray Weiss) –RSMAS University of Miami (Frank Millero) –University of Hawaii (Chris Winn) –LDEO (Taro Takahashi) –BNL (Doug Wallace) –PNL (Linda Bingler) –AOML (Rik Wanninkhof) –PMEL (Dick Feely) 1993 – DOE funded CDIAC to provide data management support to the ocean carbon-related measurements during the WOCE/JGOFS cruises.1993 – DOE funded CDIAC to provide data management support to the ocean carbon-related measurements during the WOCE/JGOFS cruises – 2010: from 0 Ocean Carbon Data to the largest ocean carbon data collection in the World.1993 – 2010: from 0 Ocean Carbon Data to the largest ocean carbon data collection in the World.

CDIAC Ocean Carbon Data Management Mission Data management for ongoing ocean CO 2 -related measurement projects and experiments (WOCE, CLIVAR, VOS, Moorings, Coastal and other) Historical data and metadata rescue, data evaluation, long-term data archive Provide the scientific community and other users with high-quality Ocean CO 2 -related original measurements and documentation Data synthesis involvement – Global and Regional databases (data products) for discrete and surface CO 2 -related and other data (GLODAP, CARINA, PACIFICA, LDEO, SACAT Databases) Developing and implementation of sophisticated data-search engines (Mercury, WAVES) Communication with other oceanographic data centers and projects on data exchange and cooperation (CCHDO, OCB, NODC JODC, IOOS, GOOS, Ocean.US, OceanSITES, EuroSITES, EU CARBOOCEAN, IODE) Research involvement: Global Carbon Climatology; Oceanic Sink for Anthropogenic CO 2 calculations, Global Ocean Carbon Flux Assessment, Ocean Acidification CDIAC Ocean Carbon Project 1993 – 2010: from 0 Ocean Carbon Data to the largest ocean carbon data collection in the World