1 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Soils in Florida Advanced Topics in Soils for Master Gardeners Amy Shober UF – IFAS Gulf Coast REC.

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Presentation transcript:

1 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Soils in Florida Advanced Topics in Soils for Master Gardeners Amy Shober UF – IFAS Gulf Coast REC

The Soil Forming Factors Parent Material ClimateTopography Biological Factors Time 2 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS

Soils & Land Resource Areas 3 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida – IFAS Soils map credits: C.G. Hoogeweg

4 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Figure Credit: USGS Geology of Florida Situated on Floridian Plateau Influenced by marine forces (sea level) Limestone bedrock causes Karst features

5 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Wade Hurt, USDA-NRCS and Mary Collins, UF-IFAS ImmokaleeMyakkaOldsmarWabasso Spodosols

Entisols AstatulaBasingerCandlerTavares 6 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Wade Hurt, USDA-NRCS and Mary Collins, UF-IFAS

Histosols 7 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Wade Hurt, USDA-NRCS and Mary Collins, UF-IFAS Pamlico OkeelantaChobee

Ultisols LucyOrangeburg 8 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Wade Hurt, USDA-NRCS (retired) TiftonDothan

Alfisols HolopawPinedaRivieraWinder 9 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Wade Hurt, USDA-NRCS and Mary Collins, UF-IFAS

Florida State Soil Series 10 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: Mary Collins, UF-IFAS Myakka fine sand

11 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credits: USDA-NRCS (left); Tom Obreza, UF-IFAS (right) Urban (Disturbed) Soils Verrazano Soil (Fill over natural sand) Matlacha Soil (Dredged spoil)

Urban (Disturbed) Soils 1 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS

13 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Photo Credit: Amy Shober, UF-IFAS Urban (Disturbed) Soils

Major Urban Soil Issues Compaction Elevated pH Surface crusting Disrupted nutrient cycling Little or no biological activity Soil pore space before and after compaction. 14 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS Figure Credit: USDA-NRCS

Soil Compaction Symptoms Ornamentals/turf quality declines Less growth than in other areas Unexplained/unexpected nutrient deficiencies More severe drought stress Roots growing laterally Excessive thatch layer Ponding of water when soil should drain 15 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS

Measuring Soil Compaction Penetrometer –Reading > 300 psi = compaction Measure bulk density –Weight of solids/volume (g/cm 3, lbs/ft 3 ) 16 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS

Bulk Density and Soil Compaction Soil or Material Compaction Threshold g/cm 3 lbs/ft 3 Sandy topsoil Clay topsoil Subsoil Red brick* Solid limestone* * Materials listed are for comparison with compacted soils. 17 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS

Water Related Problems 18 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida – IFAS Photo credits: Amy Shober, UF-IFAS

Nutrient Cycling Problems Low biological activity Low organic matter Plant residues moved offsite Compaction restricts water & nutrient movement 19 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida – IFAS Photo credits: Amy Shober, UF-IFAS

Soil pH Problems 20 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida – IFAS Photo credits: Tom Obreza, UF-IFAS

Summary Soil formation is influenced by the five soil forming factors. Florida’s soils are influenced by sea level changes. Compaction, pH, and other problems are common in urban soils due to the impact of human activities. 21 of 21 ©2008 University of Florida - IFAS