“THE CORRUPT BARGAIN” THE FACTS OF THE CASE:

QUIZ 1.Who was the “victim” in the Corrupt Bargain? 2.Who won the election of 1824? 3.Who was the “kingmaker” in 1824? 4.Who won the election of 1828? 5.The election of 1824 demonstrated the political power of what region/group?

THE CRIME: PLAINTIFF:DEFENSE JUDGEMENT:

Map: Presidential Election, 1824 Presidential Election, 1824 Andrew Jackson led in both electoral and popular votes but failed to win a majority of electoral college votes. The House elected John Quincy Adams president. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved. CANDIDATES ELECTORAL VOTE POPULAR VOTE POPULAR PERCENTAGE Jackson99153, % Adams84108, Crawford4146, Clay3747, LINK !!!

The Administration of John Quincy Adams The undiplomatic diplomat, the apolitical politician First “minority president Refused to remove officeholders or use patronage Urged nationalistic endeavors on Congress Increasingly out of step with growing sectionalism Nullification of federal Indian policies by Georgia

“Tariff of Abominations of 1828” 1824, Tariff raised from23%-37%. Jacksonites call for even higher tariffs & try to force Adams and NE to veto the tariff Lose:Lose Duties set as high as 45%, raising prices on most manufactured goods Tariff seen as an encroachment on states’ rights, esp. in S. Carolina, Scapegoat for S’sFrustrations Calhoun’s “Exposition” calls for nullification

Jackson wins in 1828 Nationalistic-Republicans (Adams) split from Democratic-Republicans (Jackson) “Shall the people rule?” Jackson runs as a “reform” candidate Mudslinging, personal attacks on J.Q. Adams Jackson wins 178 to 83, wins West and South Shift of power, East to West, Elite to Common Man

Stephen Austin by Brand Shown here with his trusty dog and gun, Stephen F. Austin leans against a tree and considers the vast domain granted to him by the Spanish government. Austin was one of the leading landowners in Texas, as well as a leader of the Texas Revolution. (Archives Division, Texas State Library) Stephen Austin by Brand Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

Map: Presidential Election, 1828 Presidential Election, 1828 Andrew Jackson avenged his 1824 loss of the presidency, sweeping the election in Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.

The Jackson Administration Individualism, Opportunism, Versatility, Populism Orphaned & Uneducated, “King Mob” Became Judge and Congressman for Tennessee “Old Hickory” to his troops 1 st Pres. Nominated at party convention, 1 st from West, 2 nd w/o College Degree Suspicious of federal govt./American System Frequently uses veto power, “King Andrew”

First Inaugural Address of Andrew Jackson WEDNESDAY, MARCH 4, 1829 (Excerpt) The recent demonstration of public sentiment inscribes on the list of Executive duties, in characters too legible to be overlooked, the task of reform, which will require particularly the correction of those abuses that have brought the patronage of the Federal Government into conflict with the freedom of elections, and the counteraction of those causes which have disturbed the rightful course of appointment and have placed or continued power in unfaithful or incompetent hands. In the performance of a task thus generally delineated I shall endeavor to select men whose diligence and talents will insure in their respective stations able and faithful cooperation, depending for the advancement of the public service more on the integrity and zeal of the public officers than on their numbers.

“Spoils System” Large #’s of Jackson supporters rewarded with federal jobs, “rotation in office” Removes 1/5 of officeholders Party membership vs. Merit &Service Increased corruption Increased power of party machines

Scandal, Scandal, Scandals! “Kitchen Cabinet” “Eaton malaria” “Petticoat War” “Swartwout out”

Growing Sectionalism Calhoun leaves Vice-Presidency & becomes defender of sectionalism, embittered against Jackson and nationalism Jackson vetoes improvements to Clay’s American System of transportation 1829: New England calls for halt to westward expansion Webster-Hayne debates  outlines future split b/w North & South, b/w Secessionists & Unionists

WEBSTER’S SECOND RESPONSE Here would ensue a pause; for they say that a certain stillness precedes the tempest. The trumpeter would hold his breath awhile, and before all this military array should fall on the customhouse, collector, clerks, and all, it is very probable some of those composing it would request of their gallant commander-in-chief to be informed a little upon the point of law; for they have, doubtless, a just respect for his opinions as a lawyer, as well as for his bravery as a soldier. They know he has read Blackstone and the Constitution, as well as Turenne and Vauban. They would ask him, therefore, something concerning their rights in this matter. They would inquire, whether it was not somewhat dangerous to resist a law of the United States. What would be the nature of their offence, they would wish to learn, if they, by military force and array, resisted the execution in Carolina of a law of the United States, and it should turn out, after all, that the law was constitutional ? He would answer, of course, Treason. No lawyer could give any other answer. John Fries, he would tell them, had learned that, some years ago. How, then, they would ask, do you propose to defend us? We are not afraid of bullets, but treason has a way of taking people off that we do not much relish. How do you propose to defend us?" Look at my floating banner," he would reply; "see there the nullifying law! "Is it your opinion, gallant commander, they would then say, that, if we should be indicted for treason, that same floating banner of yours would make a good plea in bar? "South Carolina is a sovereign State," he would reply. That is true; but would the judge admit our plea? "These tariff laws," he would repeat, 'are unconstitutional, palpably, deliberately, dangerously." That may all be so; but if the tribunal should not happen to be of that opinion, shall we swing for it? We are ready to die for our country, but it is rather an awkward business, this dying without touching the ground! After all, that is a sort of hemp tax worse than any part of the tariff.

The Krimmel Family, by John Lewis Krimmel, c John Lewis Krimmel painted this portrait of himself and his sister-in-law and her children around It shows a prosperous middle-class Philadelphia German family that had been in the United States around five years. The dress and home of the Krimmel children stand in sharp contrast to the homeless and orphaned children of New York City. (The Warner Collection of Gulf States Paper Corporation, Tuscaloosa, Alabama. Photo courtesy of the Schwarz Gallery, Philadelphia.) The Krimmel Family, by John Lewis Krimmel, c Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.