Five Pillars of Islam

236 Beliefs & Practices of Islam PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. Muslims do not separate their personal life from their religious life. Carrying out the Five Pillars daily as well as other customs ensures that Muslims live their faith while serving in the community. How does carrying out the Five Pillars and other laws of Islam affect the daily lives of Muslims? PP Design of T. Loessin; Akins H.S. A Muslim woman wears a hijab.

*NOTES* FIVE PILLARS OF ISLAM WHAT IS A PILLAR???IMPORTANT BELIEFS & VALUES 1. There is no god but ALLAH who spoke through the prophet Mohammed 2. Pray five times a day 3. Give to the poor 4. Fast during the holy month of Ramadan 5. Visit Mecca at least one in your lifetime (HAJJ) MUSLIMS DO NOT GAMBLE, DRINK ALCOHOL OR EAT PORK

First Pillar Shahadah

The Shahadah is the first pillar of Islam لا اله الا الله محد رسول الله ”There is no true God but Allaah and Muhammad is the true Messenger of Allaah.” This testimony is the key to Paradise* *The Testimony of Tawheed What Does It Mean? Dr. Saleh As Saleh/9/4/2004 Muslims testify (say):

“ M uhammad is not the father of any of your men but (he is) the Apostle of Allah and the Seal of the Prophets: and Allah has full knowledge of all things.” (The Holy Quran, The Confederates, verse 40)

Shahada Declaration of Faith: “There is no god but Allah, and Muhammad is his prophet.” Not directly from Qur’an, but combo (e.g. Surah 49) Sincere profession without coercion is the only “initiation” into the Islamic faith Recited frequently, publicly and privately Part of the Adhan (5x daily “Call to Prayer”) Shi’ite Muslims add “Ali is the Friend of God”

Faith - Shahadah Faith The Shahadah is the first pillar of Islam. It is a declaration of faith spoken by all Muslims. The Shahadah must be spoken publicly before a person can be considered a Muslim. The Qur’an states that the Shahadah must be “spoken by the tongue and with the full assent of the heart”. This means that is not simply enough to speak these words; you must also believe them. It is the first thing that is said into a baby’s ear. There is no God worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet]. There is no God worthy of worship except Allah, and Muhammad is His Messenger [or Prophet].

Profession of Faith (shahadah) How does Allah relate to the God of Christians and Jews? Christians, Jews and Muslims worship the same God.

Profession of Faith (shahadah) Muslims believe that angels do Allah’s work throughout the universe. Judgment is that some people will go to “paradise” while others will not.

Second Pillar Salat

Second Pillar 2. PRAYER Salat is the name for the obligatory prayers which are performed Five times a day at dawn, noon, mid- afternoon, sunset and nightfall. 2. PRAYER Salat is the name for the obligatory prayers which are performed Five times a day at dawn, noon, mid- afternoon, sunset and nightfall.

The Salat 2 2  The call to prayer by the muezzin in the minaret.  Pray in the mosque on Friday.

Daily Worship (salat) What do beads, rugs, mosques, the qibla, muezzins, and imams how to do with worship ? Prayer beads are used to recite God’s characteristics Rugs are for kneeling on Mosques are the place to gather for prayer Qibla shows the direction of Makkah Muezzins call others to prayer Imams are prayer leaders

Muslim Prayer

5:7 O ye who believe! when ye prepare for prayer, wash your faces, and your hands (and arms) to the elbows; rub your heads (with water); and (wash) your feet to the ankles. Second Pillar

There are rituals that Muslims must perform before prayer. This (Al Wudu') is the cleaning of the hands, mouth, and face three times with running water, then the washing of both arms to the elbows (starting with the right), also three times. This is followed by cleaning the ears and behind the ears, followed by the top of the head, and then both feet. The area where the prayer is taking place must also be clean. Muslims recite from the Koran and also perform personal prayers. Muslims must stand erect, head down, hands at sides and feet evenly spaced. They must also be sure their rug is facing in the direction of the holy city of Mecca. Prayer is taken seriously and most Muslims devout themselves to this second pillar of Islam.

The Mosque  The Muslim place of worship.

Second Pillar MIHRAB Every mosque contains a mihrab (prayer niche) which shows the direction of the Kaaba (the qibla) from that place. MIHRAB Every mosque contains a mihrab (prayer niche) which shows the direction of the Kaaba (the qibla) from that place.

Third Pillar Zakat

3. The Zakat 3 3  Almsgiving (charitable donations).  Muslims believe that all things belong to God.  Zakat means both “purification” and “growth.”  About 2.5% of your income.

#3 Almsgiving (zakat) Muslims are charitable because they believe that wealth is purified by giving some of it away. Sharing your “wealth” helps to control greed Giving to others reminds people of God’s gifts to oneself.

Almsgiving (zakat) Muslims are asked to give 1/40 of their surplus wealth and possessions. Zakat pays to orphanages, hospitals, soups kitchens, and provides clothing and shelter for the poor. Also zakat pays debts for the poor and helps stranded travelers. Jews, Christians and Muslims are all encouraged to give a portion of their wealth to support others.

Pillar 3: ZAKAH Each year, Muslims are supposed to give a some of their savings for charity such as helping the poor. In this way, they believe that their wealth is “made pure”

This 2.5% is calculated and given by the individual to the charity of his/her choice. Third Pillar 19:55. He enjoined upon his people worship and almsgiving, and was acceptable in the sight of his Lord. (MP)

“ A lms are for the poor and the needy and those employed to administer (the funds): for those whose hearts have been reconciled (to Truth); for those in bondage and in debt; in the cause of ALLAH; and for the wayfarer: (thus it is) ordained by ALLAH. And ALLAH is full of knowledge and wisdom.” (The Holy Quran, The Repentance, verse 60)

Fourth Pillar Sawm

4. FASTING FOR ONE MONTH Every year in the month of Ramadan, all Muslims fast from first light until sundown, abstaining from food, drink, and sexual relations. Those who are sick, elderly, or on a journey, and women who are pregnant or nursing are permitted to break the fast and make up an equal number of days later in the year. Fourth Pillar

Fasting - Sawm Sawm is the fourth pillar of Islam. It means fasting. When fasting, Muslims do not eat, drink or have sex. Muslims practise Sawm by fasting every year in the month of Ramadan. During Ramadan, Muslims fast from dawn until sunset. By practising Sawm, a Muslim develops sympathy for suffering. It also demonstrates discipline and obedience to Allah. Muslims do not have to fast if they are under 12, too old, pregnant, breastfeeding, travelling or sick.

Sawm Fasting during Ramadan Considered holiest month of Islamic year No food, drink, smoke, sex during daylight hours Mandated by Qur’an (e.g. Surah 2: ) Exceptions: children, elderly, sick, pregnant For spiritual and physical cleansing/renewal Consequences of not fasting? Meals after sunset: Iftar (“breaking the fast”) Ends with Eid al-Fitr (“Feast of Breaking the Fast”)

Fifth Pillar Hajj

5. PILGRIMAGE (Hajj) The annual pilgrimage to Mecca — the Hajj — is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to perform it. The annual Hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so that Hajj and Ramadan fall sometimes in summer, sometimes in winter). The annual pilgrimage to Mecca — the Hajj — is an obligation only for those who are physically and financially able to perform it. The annual Hajj begins in the twelfth month of the Islamic year (which is lunar, not solar, so that Hajj and Ramadan fall sometimes in summer, sometimes in winter). Fifth Pillar

Muslims circling around the sacred Ka`aba in Mecca, climax of the hajj pilgrimage.

Pilgrimage (hajj) 1.The hajj promotes fellowship and equality. 2.Muslims wear simple white clothing on this special journey. 3.The Ka’ba is a shrine built by Abraham to honor God. 4.During the hajj, Muslims also travel along a special passage between two small hills, as Hagar (wife of Abraham) did when she searched for water for her son. 5.Muslims camp in tents at Mina, pray at the plain of Arafat, and some climb Mount Arafat. 6.Before returning home Muslims will circle the Ka’ba seven more times. (remember picture of people circling the stone)

Hajj Pilgrimage to Makka Held annually, during 12 th month (Dhu'l-Hijja) Participation required once in lifetime, if possible (unless physically or financially unable; see Qur’an 2: ) Ca. 2 – 3 million pilgrims attend each year Simple garments are worn, stressing equality Several rituals take place during 3-4 days Culminates with Eid al-Adha (“Feast of the Sacrifice”)

PilPil Pilgrims On The Road to And Camped Outside of Makkah

VISITING MECCA TODAY

The Hajj takes place entirely in Mecca and the surrounding area Fifth Pillar

The Kaaba is a cube-shaped building about 5 stories high. Kaaba Mecca Mosque

Pilgrims start with 7 circumambulations of the Kaaba, counter-clockwise. 1

Next they must run 7 times between As- Safa and Al-Marwah. Al-Marwah As-Safa 2 2

3 3 rd stage is to travel to Mina where they stay overnight. Mina

4 4 th Stage is on to the Plain of Arafat for all day prayer. Plain of Arafat

4 th Stage is on to the Plain of Arafat for all day prayer. Plain of Arafat Mt. Of Mercy 4

5 Muzdalifah 5 th Stage – travel from the Plain of Arafat to Muzdalifah to spend the night.

6 6 th Stage – On to Mina to throw stones at the pillars and sacrifice an animal. Mina

6 th Stage – On to Mina to throw stones at the pillars and sacrifice an animal. THREE PILLARS 6

Stoning the Devil

7 th Stage – Return to Mecca and complete 7 more circuits of the Kaaba. 7 Mecca Mosque

7 7 th Stage – Return to Mecca and complete 7 more circuits of the Kaaba.

Other Islamic Practices

Other Islamic Religious Practices  Up to four wives allowed at once.  No alcohol or pork.  No gambling.  Sharia  body of Islamic law to regulate daily living.  Three holiest cities in Islam: * Mecca, Medina, Jerusalem.

Jihad “Struggle or exertion” for the cause of faith Should not be translated “Holy War” Both internal (personal) and external (political) Internal jihad more important than external jihad, in the opinion of most moderate Muslims Concept is accepted by all Muslims, but not considered a “pillar” by all See Qur’an 2: