The English language Old English – (450 AD – 1150 AD) Originally a Germanic language brought by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century.

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Presentation transcript:

The English language Old English – (450 AD – 1150 AD) Originally a Germanic language brought by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th century.

Basic words Child, house, wife, man, eat, drink, sleep, good, strong. Grammar was complicated. Vikings ( similar language) introduced new words: egg, sky, skin, get, give, take.

Middle English (1150 – 1500) Grammar was simplified. Upper classes spoke French. Rest of the people spoke English. Norman influence for 200 years - words from French: art, authority, beauty, bicuit, button, coat, cream, judge, jury. By the 15th century - dialect spoke in London was the standard language.

Literature of the 14th century Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer Two tales are in prose, the rest in verse).prose verse The tales, some of which are originals and others not, are told by pilgrims on a pilgrimage from Southwark to Canterbury to visit the shrine of Saint Thomas Becket at Canterbury Cathedral.pilgrimsSouthwarkCanterburySaint Thomas BecketCanterbury Cathedral

Modern English ( the present) Grammar was further simplified. Thou (intimate form of you) disappeared. New words – china, tomato, chocolate, tabacco, architecture, physics. 18th century Samuel Johnson produced a dictionary. Noah Webster standardized the American spelling system (labour –labor)

World English It’s the language spoken by about 350 million of people - 1st language 70 countries speak English - 2nd language Millions of learners - foreign language How will this affect the development of this language?

The Normans Battle of Hastings in 1066 William of Normandy X Harold II of England Norman feudal system = French- speaking followers were rewarded with land. The Bayeux Tapestry represents how people lived and fought at the Norman Conquest of England.

The Tower of London It was begun by William the Conqueror During its long history it has been a fortress, a palace, a prison and a royal mint.

The Normans William the Conqueror died in 1087 His sons became kings The period from 10th to 15th centuries is the Middle Ages.

Hundred Years War – five English kings fought against five French kings. It was interrupeted by the Black Death - a plague which was carried by rats from Asia. It killed thousands of people. The Great Fire took hold in Thomas Farryner's bakery kitchen and spread swiftly. The War of Roses – ended with Henry VIII (1509 – 1547) He united the two rival houses giving origin to the Tudor Dynasty.

Henry VIII A typical Renaissance king: handsome, ambitious and unescrupulous. He created the Anglican Church. He dissolutes the monasteries and confiscated their large properties. He destroyed Papal authority in England. First wife – Catherine of Aragon He married five more times.

Elizabeth I The Virgin Queen Daughter of his second marriage. Her mother ( Anne Boleyn) was executed three years after her birth. She was an outstanding ruler. She restored national unity. She supported a moderate form of Protestantism. Her reign is considred the Golden Age of English History. She brought properity to the whole nation. She regularly consulted the Parliament.