Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Fundamentals of Anatomy & Physiology SIXTH EDITION Frederic H. Martini PowerPoint ® Lecture Slide Presentation prepared by Dr. Kathleen A. Ireland, Biology Instructor, Seabury Hall, Maui, Hawaii Chapter 20, part 1 The Heart

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Describe the organization of the cardiovascular system. Describe the location and general features of the heart, including the pericardium. Discuss the differences between nodal cells and conducting cells and describe the components and functions of the conducting system of the heart. Identify the electrical events associated with a normal electrocardiogram.

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Learning Objectives Explain the events of the cardiac cycle including atrial and ventricular systole and diastole, and relate the heart sounds to specific events in the cycle. Define cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume and describe the factors that influence these variables. Explain how adjustments in stroke volume and cardiac output are coordinated at different levels of activity.

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 20-1 Organization of the Cardiovascular System

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The cardiovascular system is divided into two circuits Pulmonary circuit blood to and from the lungs System circuit blood to and from the rest of the body Vessels carry the blood through the circuits Arteries carry blood away from the heart Veins carry blood to the heart Capillaries permit exchange

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.1 An Overview of the Cardiovascular System Figure 20.1

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings SECTION 20-2 Anatomy of the Heart

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Visceral pericardium or epicardium Parietal pericardium Pericardial fluid The pericardia

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.2 The Location of the Heart in the Thoracic Cavity Figure 20.2a, b

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.2 The Location of the Heart in the Thoracic Cavity Figure 20.2c

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings The heart consists of four chambers Two atria and two ventricles Major blood vessels of the heart include Inferior and superior vena cavae Aorta and pulmonary trunk Superficial Anatomy of the Heart

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.3 The Superficial Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20.3a

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.3 The Superficial Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20.3b, c

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Components of the heart wall include Epicardium Myocardium Endocardium The Heart Wall

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.4 The Heart Wall Figure 20.4

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.5 The Heart Wall and Cardiac Muscle Cells Figure 20.5a-c

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Atria Thin walled chambers that receive blood from the vena cavae Ventricles Thick walled chambers separated from the atria by AV valves Chordae tendineae Tendinous fibers attached to the AV valves Papillary muscle and trabeculae carneae Muscular projections on the inner wall of ventricles Internal Anatomy and Organization

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Right atria Tricuspid valve Right ventricle Pulmonary valve Pulmonary circuit Left atria Bicuspid valve Left ventricle Aortic valve Aorta and systemic circuit Blood flow through the heart

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.6 The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20.6a, b Animation: Diagrammatic Frontal Section through the Heart PLAY

Copyright © 2004 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 20.6 The Sectional Anatomy of the Heart Figure 20.6c