+ Parts of Speech Review EN III

+ Parts of speech Traditional grammar classifies words based on eight parts of speech: verb the noun the pronoun the adjective the adverb the preposition the conjunction and the interjection.

+ Verb The verb is perhaps the most important part of the sentence. A verb or compound verb asserts something about the subject of the sentence and express actions, events, or states of being. The verb or compound verb is the critical element of the predicate of a sentence.

+ Types of verbs: ACTION (from Chomp Chomp grammar) Explode! Scream! Sneeze! Type! Kick! What are these words doing? They are expressing action- something that a person, animal, force of nature, or thing can do. As a result, we call these words action verbs. Look at the examples below: In the library and at church, Michele giggles inappropriately. The alarm clock buzzed like an angry bumblebee.

+ Linking verbs Linking verbs do not express action. Instead, they connect the subject of the verb to additional information about the subject.subjectverb Look at the example below: Keila is a shopaholic. **Ising isn't something that Keila can do. Is connects the subject, Keila, to additional information about her, that she will soon have a huge credit card bill to pay.

+ Auxiliary verbs (helping) A main or base verb indicates the type of action or condition, and auxiliary—or helping—verbs convey the other nuances that writers want to express. Read the examples: Sherylee is always dripping something. Since Sherylee is such a klutz, she should have been eating a cake donut, which would not have stained her shirt. Common helping verbs: Can, could, may, might, must, ought to, shall, should, will, would

+ Noun A noun is a word used to name a person, animal, place, or thing. The highlighted words in the following sentences are all nouns: Late last year, our neighbors bought a goat. Portia White was an opera singer. Proper nouns must be capitalized!

+ Pronouns A pronoun can replace a noun or another pronoun. You use pronouns like "he," "which," "none," and "you" to make your sentences less cumbersome and less repetitive. He, she, it, you, me, I…. He left the test early. We took out the garbage for our mom.

+ Adjective An adjective modifies a noun or a pronoun by describing, identifying, or quantifying words. An adjective usually precedes the noun or the pronoun which it modifies. The truck-shaped balloon floated over the treetops. Mrs. Morrison papered her kitchen walls with hideous wall paper. The small boat foundered on the wine dark sea.

+ Adverb An adverb can modify a verb, an adjective, another adverb, a phrase, or a clause. Indicates manner, time, place, cause, or degree and answers questions such as "how," "when," "where," "how much". Many end in “ly”, although not all The seamstress quickly made the mourning clothes. (describes how something is made) Our basset hound Bailey sleeps peacefully on the living room floor. (describes sleeping)

+ Preposition A preposition links nouns, pronouns, and phrases to other words in a sentence. The word or phrase that the preposition introduces is called the object of the preposition. A preposition usually indicates the temporal, spatial or logical relationship of its object to the rest of the sentence. The book is on the table. The book is beneath the table. The book is leaning against the table.

+ Conjunction You can use a conjunction to link words, phrases, and clauses. Correlative Conjunction (link equivalent elements in a sentence; found in pairs): Both my grandfather and my father worked in the steel plant. Coordinating Conjunction (connects two phrases): I ate the pizza and the pasta. Subordinating (introduces dependent clause): After she had learned to drive, Alice felt more independent.

+ Interjection An interjection is a word added to a sentence to convey emotion. It is not grammatically related to any other part of the sentence. You usually follow an interjection with an exclamation mark. Interjections are uncommon in formal academic prose, except in direct quotations. Ouch, that hurt! Oh no, I forgot that the exam was today! Hey! Put that down!