EL 111 Unit 12 Ms. Khadeeja Rabah Ms. Khadeeja Rabah

REPORTED SPEECH is used to tell what someone said. Yet, we do not repeat all the words exactly. REAL WORDS (direct speech): Tom said: “We are going to the cinema this afternoon.” REPORTED SPEECH: Tom said that they were going to the cinema that afternoon.

Types of changes: 1. Verb Tenses 2. Modals 3. Time and place adverbial expressions 4. Logical change of pronouns EXAMPLE DIRECT: Mary said: “They are seeing me tomorrow” REPORTED: Mary said that they were seeing her the following day

Reported speech Direct speech Past simple She said it was cold. › Present simple She said, "It's cold." Past continuous She said she was teaching English online. › Present continuous She said, "I'm teaching English online." Past perfect simple She said she had been on the web since › Present perfect simple She said, "I've been on the web since 1999." Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching English for seven years. › Present perfect continuous She said, "I've been teaching English for seven years." Past perfect She said she had taught online the day before. › Past simple She said, "I taught online yesterday." She said, "I taught online yesterday." Past perfect continuous She said she had been teaching earlier. › Past continuous She said, "I was teaching earlier." Past perfect NO CHANGE - She said the lesson had already started when he arrived. › Past perfect She said, "The lesson had already started when he arrived." Past perfect continuous NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes. NO CHANGE - She said she'd already been teaching for five minutes.› Past perfect continuous She said, "I'd already been teaching for five minutes."

Reported speech Direct speech would She said she would teach English online the day after. online the day after.›will She said, "I'll teach English online tomorrow." could She said she could teach English online. online.›can She said, "I can teach English online." had to She said she had to have a computer to teach English online. to teach English online.›must She said, "I must have a computer to teach English online." should She asked what we should learn that day. ›shall She said, "What shall we learn today?" might She asked if she might open a new browser. ›May She said, "May I open a new browser?" She said, "May I open a new browser?"

In reported speech In direct speech In direct speech that (evening) › this (evening) the previous day / the day before ›yesterday yesterday / that day ›today those (days) › these (days) then›now (a week) before › (a week) ago the weekend before / the previous weekend › last weekend there›here the following (week) › next (week)

In reported speech In direct speech She / He ›I They›We Her / His ›My Her / Him ›Me Them›Us I / me ›You

 Examples: “ Does she play the piano?” “ Does she play the piano?” He asked if she played the piano. He asked if she played the piano. “ Did you go to England last week?” “ Did you go to England last week?” She asked if I had gone to England the week before. She asked if I had gone to England the week before.

YES / NO QUESTIONS There is no inversion (subject/verb) If or whether after the reporting verb We omit the question mark. “Are you working these days?” he said. He inquired if/whether I was working those days “Did you speak to John last night?” she asked She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before She wanted to know if I had spoken to J, the night before.

 We use the subject- verb order.  We use the question word itself.  We omit the question mark.  Examples: “ Where have you been?” “ Where have you been?” He asked where I had been. He asked where I had been. “ When does your father go to work?” “ When does your father go to work?” She asked when my father went to work. She asked when my father went to work.

WH- QUESTIONS When Who or What are subjects of the sentence we don’t change the word order “Who told you this story?” He asked me who had told that story “What happens?” He wanted to know what happened. Some verbs we can use as reporting verbs: ask, enquire, wonder, would like to know, want to know

Same basic changes as statements Basic introductory verb: TELL The IMPERATIVE verbal form turns into TO + “INFINITIVE” (Affirmative) NOT + TO + “INFINITIVE” (Negative) Examples.- “Come here” He told me  He told me to go there Father: "Do your homework!“  Father told me to do my homework. Teacher. "Don't talk to your mate!"  The teacher told me not to talk to my mate.

ORDER "Get out of the car!" said the policeman. The policeman ordered him to get out of the car. ASK "Could you please be quiet," she said. She asked me to be quiet. WARN The man with the gun said to us, "Don't move!“ The man with the gun warned us not to move. We can also use:  INVITE  BEG  FORBID

1: We use a that-clause introduced by “suggest”. 'That' & 'should' are optional in these cases: She said: "Why don't you get a mechanic to look at the car?" She suggested that I should get a mechanic to look at the car. She suggested I get a mechanic to look at the car. Other verbs we can use : Insist "It would be a good idea to see the dentist", said my mother. My mother insisted that I see the dentist Recommend The dentist said, "I think you should use a different toothbrush". The dentist recommended that I should use a different toothbrush. Suggestions:

2: We also use suggest + gerund to report them The suggestions : Let’s, why don’t we, shall we, why not… are omitted. “Shall we go to the theatre?” She suggested going to the theatre She suggested that we could go to the theatre “Let’s not argue again,” he said. He suggested not arguing again He suggested that they should not argue again.