DO NOW Grab your portfolio What is a biome? (look in your notes if you forgot)

Ecosystem Biotic Abiotic Living Lived before Can be dead Can be parts of living things Nonliving Have never lived Are not dead Are not parts of living things

Ecosystem All of the abiotic (nonliving) & biotic (living) factors in an area Biomes are made up of ecosystems

Biomes The world’s major communities Classified according to vegetation and organisms There are different ways of classifying biomes but the common elements are climate, habitat, animal and plant adaptation, biodiversity and human activity. L to R : Tundra, Grasslands, Aquatic, Forests, Desert

5 Major Biome Types Tundra Grasslands Aquatic Forests Desert Biotic & abiotic factors determine biome classification

Biosphere The biosphere includes all life on earth Biodiversity is the degree of variation (differences) of life forms within a given species, ecosystem, biome or entire planet.

Biodiversity Why is biodiversity good? Why is biodiversity necessary? What happens if biodiversity is decreased?

Biodiversity

BIOMES Biome Video 1 Biome Video 2

Biomes

Tundra Climate COLD! Permafrost: a layer of permanently frozen sub soil Short cool summer: Ground soggy and wet Small and stunted plants

Tundra Biotic Factors Small and stunted plants Few birds Few mammals

Tundra Abiotic Factors Strong winds Low Precipitation Short & Soggy Summers Long, cold dark winters

Tundra Abiotic Location NORTH North America Asia Europe

Desert Climate DRY Many alternate between hot and cold Organisms can tolerate extreme conditions

Desert Biotic Factors Cacti and other succulents Plants with short growth cycles Predators: mountain lions, gray foxes, bobcats Herbivores: dder, antelope Bats, birds, hawks, owls, rattlesnakes, lizards

Desert Abiotic Factors Low precipitation Variable temps. Soils rich in minerals Poor organic material in soil

Desert Location Africa Asia Middle East United States Mexico South America Australia

Forest AREA DOMINATED BY TREES Tropical Dry Forests Tropical Rain Forests Boreal Forest Temperate Forest

Tropical Rain Forest More species than all other biomes combined SUPER tall trees (canopy) & shorter trees

Tropical Rain Forest Abiotic Hot and wet year round Thin, nutrient poor soil

Tropical Rain Forest Biotic Broad leaved trees Ferns Woody vines Sloths, jaguars, anteaters, monkeys, toucans, parrots, butterflies, anaconda

Tropical Rain Forest Location South & Central America, Southeast Asia, Africa, Southern Indian, Northeastern Australia

Tropical Dry Forest Climate Rainfall is highly seasonal Deciduous trees

Tropical Dry Forest Abiotic Generally warm year round Alternating wet & dry seasons Rich soil

Tropical Dry Forest Biotic Tall, deciduous trees – dense canopy Succulents Tigers, Monkeys, elephants, rhinos, pelicans, termites, reptiles

Tropical Dry Forest Location Parts of Africa, South & Central America, Mexico, India, Australia and Tropical Islands

Boreal Forest (Taiga) Northern Edge of Temperate Zone Dense Evergreen Coniferous trees COLD winters Mild summers Northern Hemisphere

Boreal Forest Abiotic LONG cold winters Short mild summers Moderate precipitation High Humidity Nutrient Poor Soils

Boreal Forest Biotic Coniferous Trees – Spruce & Fir Some Deciduous Trees Lynx, Timberwolves, weasels, moose, small mammals, migratory birds

Boreal Forest Location North America, Asia, Northern Europe

Temperate Forest Climate Deciduous and Coniferous Trees Cold Winters & Warm Summers

Temperate Forest Abiotic Cold to moderate winters & warm summers Year-round precipitation Fertile Soil

Temperate Forest Biotic Both Deciduous & Conifers Trees, Flowers, Mosses and ferns Deer, Black Bears, Bobcats, squirrels, raccoons, skunks, songbirds

Temperate Forest Location Easter United States, Southeastern Canada, Most of Europe, Parts of Japan, China and Australia

Tropical Savanna Climate More seasonal rainfall than deserts, less than tropics Cover of grasses Isolated Trees Large animals

Tropical Savanna Abiotic Warm Temps. Seasonal rainfall Compact Soil Frequent Fires

Tropical Savanna Biotic Tall, perennial grasses, drought-tolerant and fire-resistant trees or shrubs Predators: lions, leopards, cheetahs Herbivores: elephants, giraffes, antelopes, zebras Birds: Eagles, ostriches birds, storks

Tropical Savanna Location Large parts of Eastern Africa, Southern Brazil, Northern Australia

Temperate Grassland Mix of grasses Fertile Soil Most converted to agriculture Periodic fires & grazing

Temperate Grassland Abiotic Warm to hot summers, cold winters Moderate, seasonal precipitation Fertile soils

Temperate Grassland Biotic A lot of grasses – most resistant to drought or fire Coyotes, badgers, mule deer, antelope, rabbits, prairie dogs, cattle (introduced)

Temperate Grassland Location Central Asia, North America, Australia, Central Europe, South America

Aquatic Marine Freshwater

Aquatic Climate Bodies of water

Aquatic Abiotic Marine Freshwater Salt Water Freshwater

Aquatic Biotic Animals and plants that can live in water

Aquatic Location