 What were the four causes of WWI?  How did each cause the war?  Why did the United States enter the war?  Why were the peasants in Russia upset with Czar Nicholas II? WARM UP DISCUSSION QUESTIONS

 The Russian Revolution has two parts: the February Revolution and the October Revolution.  February Revolution - Started in After many centuries of rule by powerful and wealthy czars in Russia, the people were unhappy with the difference in wealth. - Many were also unhappy with Russian participation in WWI. - The February Revolution resulted in the overthrow of the czar, and it stopped Russian involvement in the war. the war. RUSSIAN REVOLUTION

CZAR NICHOLAS II AND HIS FAMILY

 October (Bolshevik) Revolution: - Led by Lenin and based on an ideology by Karl Marx - Marx’s idea was communism. In theory, communism would create a classless society, in which all people enjoy equal social and economic status. - In the beginning, communism seemed like a good option for starving and powerless people. - This civil war lasted almost 2 years. In the end Lenin won and controlled Russia.  However, in practice communist governments were very controlling. Most citizens were very poor and the government officials were very rich. The governments cared little for the issues of the working class and sought above all else to keep the power. (RUSSIAN REVOLUTION CONTINUED)

VLADIMIR LENIN

 Russia backed out of the Great War early due to the Russian Revolution. They surrendered to Germany in the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk.  On the 11 th hour of the 11 th day in 1918 (November 11, 1918) an armistice (agreement to end fighting) was signed.  Allies were victorious. THE GREAT WAR COMES TO AN END

Deaths in Battle Wounded in Battle Allies France1,357,8004,266,000 British empire 908,3712,090,212 Russia1,700,0004,950,000 Italy 462, ,886 United States 50, ,690 Others 502, ,585 Central Powers Germany1,808,5464,247,143 Austria-Hungary 922,5003,620,000 Ottoman empire 325, ,000 RESULTS OF WWI

 “The Big Three:” - Wilson ( U.S. President ) wanted:  14-points (push for democracy)- One of the significant points would allow the people to choose their own government.  The League of Nations formed (international peace keeping body) - George (GB)- wanted to build a stronger Britain - Clemenceau (France)- wanted to punish Germany  Many small states wanted their own nations but territories overlapped. PARIS PEACE CONFERENCE

Woodrow Wilson  Lloyd George Georges Clemenceau 

SO WHAT DID THE “BIG THREE” AGREE TO?

 Forced Germany to take full blame for causing the war  Germany had to pay over $30 billion in war reparations (payments for war damage).  The German military had to be reduced. - Army: 100,000 volunteers - Navy: a few small ships and subs - Aircrafts: forbidden  Germany had to give up parts of their mainland territory and all of their overseas colonies. TREATY OF VERSAILLES

 To German resentment - the German people were mad at the results and all that they lost from the treaty.  This opened the door for the rise of Nazism as Hitler promised to end unemployment and poverty and bring Germany back to a state of power. THE END OF WWI AND TREATY OF VERSAILLES LED:

 Dominant theme following WWI: conflict and change  Much of Europe was in chaos. Many people were hungry and homeless.  Despite these immediate and numerous problems, mostly related to WWI and the Treaty of Versailles, by the mid-1920s mild optimism had appeared--the Roaring 20s.  But then the stock market crashed in October of This set off a ripple effect throughout the world. WORLDWIDE DEPRESSION

 After WWI the German people lost faith in the government and Germany was severely struck by the Depression.  On January 30, 1933, Adolf Hitler became the Chancellor of Germany.  The Nazis, Hitler’s political group, gained support by blaming Germany’s problems on the ideas of Communists and the Jewish people.  Hitler promised that he would create jobs and that Germany would grow to be the most powerful country. RISE OF NAZISM